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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · 2021

9 results

SS-31 Protects Liver from Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Modulating Macrophage Polarization.

Shang L, Ren H, Wang S, Liu H, Hu A, Gou P, Lin Y, Zhou J, Zhu W, Shi X

Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity13 Apr 2021Cited by 43 (Europe PMC)

PMID33986918 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC8057883 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1155/2021/6662156 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-33986918
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Summary

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common complication in liver surgeries. It is a focus to discover effective treatments to reduce ischemia-reperfusion injury. Previous studies show that oxidative stress and inflammation response contribute to the liver damage during IRI. SS-31 is an innovated mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant peptide shown to scavenge reactive oxygen species and decrease oxidative stress, but the protective effects of SS-31 against hepatic IRI are not well understood. The aim of our study is to investigate whether SS-31 could protect the liver from damages induced by IRI and understand the protective mechanism. The results showed that SS-31 treatment can significantly attenuate liver injury during IRI, proved by HE staining, serum ALT/AST, and TUNEL staining which can assess the degree of liver damage. Meanwhile, we find that oxidative stress and inflammation were significantly suppressed after SS-31 administration. Furthermore, the mechanism revealed that SS-31 can directly decrease ROS production and regulate STAT1/STAT3 signaling in macrophages, thus inhibiting macrophage M1 polarization. The proinflammation cytokines are then significantly reduced, which suppress inflammation response in the liver. Taken together, our study discovered that SS-31 can regulate macrophage polarization through ROS scavenging and STAT1/STAT3 signaling to ameliorate liver injury; the protective effects against hepatic IRI suggest that SS-31 may be an appropriate treatment for liver IRI in the clinic.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study9

9 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, SS‑31 treatment significantly attenuated liver injury on HE staining.

    In plain wordsIn a liver injury model, SS‑31 reduced liver damage seen under the microscope.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseLiver injury by HE staining
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
    Outcome group
    Liver fat and liver function · Liver
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SS-31 treatment can significantly attenuate liver injury during IRI, proved by HE staining, serum ALT/AST, and TUNEL staining which can assess the degree of liver damage.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The aim of our study is to investigate whether SS-31 could protect the liver from damages induced by IRI and understand the protective mechanism.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, SS‑31 treatment attenuated liver injury as assessed by serum ALT and AST.

    In plain wordsIn a liver injury model, SS‑31 lowered blood markers of liver damage (ALT and AST).

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseSerum ALT/AST
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
    Outcome group
    Liver fat and liver function · Liver
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SS-31 treatment can significantly attenuate liver injury during IRI, proved by HE staining, serum ALT/AST, and TUNEL staining which can assess the degree of liver damage.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The aim of our study is to investigate whether SS-31 could protect the liver from damages induced by IRI and understand the protective mechanism.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, SS‑31 treatment attenuated liver damage as assessed by TUNEL staining.

    In plain wordsIn a liver injury model, SS‑31 reduced cell death in liver tissue.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseHepatocyte damage by TUNEL staining
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
    Outcome group
    Liver fat and liver function · Liver
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SS-31 treatment can significantly attenuate liver injury during IRI, proved by HE staining, serum ALT/AST, and TUNEL staining which can assess the degree of liver damage.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The aim of our study is to investigate whether SS-31 could protect the liver from damages induced by IRI and understand the protective mechanism.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, oxidative stress was significantly suppressed after SS‑31 administration.

    In plain wordsIn a liver injury model, SS‑31 lowered oxidative stress in the liver.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseOxidative stress
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Liver
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Meanwhile, we find that oxidative stress and inflammation were significantly suppressed after SS-31 administration.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The aim of our study is to investigate whether SS-31 could protect the liver from damages induced by IRI and understand the protective mechanism.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, inflammation was significantly suppressed after SS‑31 administration.

    In plain wordsIn a liver injury model, SS‑31 lowered inflammation in the liver.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseInflammation
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Liver
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Meanwhile, we find that oxidative stress and inflammation were significantly suppressed after SS-31 administration.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The aim of our study is to investigate whether SS-31 could protect the liver from damages induced by IRI and understand the protective mechanism.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In liver ischemia-reperfusion injury, SS‑31 significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokines in the liver.

    In plain wordsIn a liver injury model, SS‑31 lowered inflammatory signalling molecules in the liver.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseProinflammatory cytokines in the liver
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Liver ischemia-reperfusion injury
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Liver
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The proinflammation cytokines are then significantly reduced, which suppress inflammation response in the liver.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The aim of our study is to investigate whether SS-31 could protect the liver from damages induced by IRI and understand the protective mechanism.
  7. 07LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In macrophages, SS‑31 directly decreased reactive oxygen species production.

    In plain wordsIn lab cells, SS‑31 directly lowered reactive oxygen species in macrophages.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseROS production in macrophages
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Macrophages
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SS-31 can directly decrease ROS production and regulate STAT1/STAT3 signaling in macrophages, thus inhibiting macrophage M1 polarization.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The aim of our study is to investigate whether SS-31 could protect the liver from damages induced by IRI and understand the protective mechanism.
  8. 08LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In macrophages, SS‑31 regulated STAT1/STAT3 signaling.

    In plain wordsIn lab cells, SS‑31 changed STAT1/STAT3 signalling in macrophages.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedSTAT1/STAT3 signaling in macrophages
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Macrophages
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SS-31 can directly decrease ROS production and regulate STAT1/STAT3 signaling in macrophages, thus inhibiting macrophage M1 polarization.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The aim of our study is to investigate whether SS-31 could protect the liver from damages induced by IRI and understand the protective mechanism.
  9. 09LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In macrophages, SS‑31 inhibited M1 polarization.

    In plain wordsIn lab cells, SS‑31 reduced the shift of macrophages into an inflammatory (M1) state.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseMacrophage M1 polarization
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Macrophages
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SS-31 can directly decrease ROS production and regulate STAT1/STAT3 signaling in macrophages, thus inhibiting macrophage M1 polarization.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The aim of our study is to investigate whether SS-31 could protect the liver from damages induced by IRI and understand the protective mechanism.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:47 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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