Fully Automated Artificial Pancreas for Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Using Multiple Hormones: Exploratory Experiments.

Majdpour D, Tsoukas MA, Yale JF, El Fathi A, Rutkowski J, Rene J, Garfield N, Legault L, Haidar A

Canadian journal of diabetes20 Feb 2021Cited by 14 (Europe PMC)

PMID33888413DOI10.1016/j.jcjd.2021.02.002PepBankPUB-33888413

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study5

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone5

In this study, Pramlintide (Symlin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Pramlintide (Symlin).

01HumanNot a test of Pramlintide (Symlin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes, the final insulin-pramlintide system produced comparable time in range to the insulin-alone system.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes, the final insulin-pramlintide and insulin-alone systems had comparable time in range.
Peptide
Pramlintide (Symlin)
Outcome
No significant changeFinal dual-hormone time in range
Study
n = 3
Comparator
Insulin-alone artificial pancreas with carbohydrate counting
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
Time in target range
81%
Final dual-hormone arm, last 3 participants
Time in target range
83%
Insulin-alone arm, last 3 participants
Source sentences
Summary
The final dual-hormone system had comparable time in range (81% vs 83%) in the last 3 participants.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thereafter, a model-based meal-detection algorithm to deliver insulin and pramlintide boluses closer to mealtimes was added and glucagon was removed.
Summary · context
Nine participants (age, 37±13 years; glycated hemoglobin, 7.7±0.7%) completed two 27-hour interventions: a fully automated multihormone artificial pancreas and a comparator insulin-alone artificial pancreas with carbohydrate counting.
Summary · context
The baseline algorithm was a model-predictive controller that administered insulin and pramlintide in a fixed ratio, with boluses triggered by a glucose threshold, and administered glucagon in response to low glucose levels.
In this study, Pramlintide (Symlin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Pramlintide (Symlin).
Report a problemFND-3388841305
02HumanNot a test of Pramlintide (Symlin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes, the baseline multihormone algorithm produced noninferior time in range versus the insulin-alone system.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes, the baseline multihormone system had noninferior time in range versus the insulin-alone system.
Peptide
Pramlintide (Symlin)
Outcome
No significant changeBaseline algorithm time in range
Study
n = 2
Comparator
Insulin-alone artificial pancreas with carbohydrate counting
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
Time in target range (3.9-10.0 mmol/L)
71%
Baseline multihormone arm, 2 participants
Time in target range (3.9-10.0 mmol/L)
70%
Insulin-alone arm, 2 participants
Source sentences
Summary
The baseline multihormone dosing algorithm resulted in noninferior time in target range (3.9 to 10.0 mmol/L) (71%) compared with the insulin-alone arm (70%) in 2 participants, with minimal glucagon delivery.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Nine participants (age, 37±13 years; glycated hemoglobin, 7.7±0.7%) completed two 27-hour interventions: a fully automated multihormone artificial pancreas and a comparator insulin-alone artificial pancreas with carbohydrate counting.
Summary · context
The baseline algorithm was a model-predictive controller that administered insulin and pramlintide in a fixed ratio, with boluses triggered by a glucose threshold, and administered glucagon in response to low glucose levels.
In this study, Pramlintide (Symlin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Pramlintide (Symlin).
Report a problemFND-3388841301
03HumanNot a test of Pramlintide (Symlin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes, the modified multihormone algorithm produced similar time in range to the insulin-alone system.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes, the modified multihormone and insulin-alone systems had similar time in range.
Peptide
Pramlintide (Symlin)
Outcome
No significant changeModified algorithm time in range
Study
n = 2
Comparator
Insulin-alone artificial pancreas with carbohydrate counting
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
Time in target range
79%
Modified multihormone arm, 2 participants
Time in target range
83%
Insulin-alone arm, 2 participants
Source sentences
Summary
The modified algorithm displayed a similar time in range for the multihormone arm (79%) compared with the insulin-alone arm (83%) in 2 participants, but with undesired glycemic fluctuations.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Nine participants (age, 37±13 years; glycated hemoglobin, 7.7±0.7%) completed two 27-hour interventions: a fully automated multihormone artificial pancreas and a comparator insulin-alone artificial pancreas with carbohydrate counting.
Summary · context
The baseline algorithm was a model-predictive controller that administered insulin and pramlintide in a fixed ratio, with boluses triggered by a glucose threshold, and administered glucagon in response to low glucose levels.
In this study, Pramlintide (Symlin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Pramlintide (Symlin).
Report a problemFND-3388841302
04HumanNot a test of Pramlintide (Symlin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes, the modified multihormone algorithm produced undesired glycemic fluctuations.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes, the modified multihormone system produced undesired glucose fluctuations.
Peptide
Pramlintide (Symlin)
Outcome
Direction not reportedModified algorithm glycemic fluctuations
Study
n = 2
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
The modified algorithm displayed a similar time in range for the multihormone arm (79%) compared with the insulin-alone arm (83%) in 2 participants, but with undesired glycemic fluctuations.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Nine participants (age, 37±13 years; glycated hemoglobin, 7.7±0.7%) completed two 27-hour interventions: a fully automated multihormone artificial pancreas and a comparator insulin-alone artificial pancreas with carbohydrate counting.
Summary · context
The baseline algorithm was a model-predictive controller that administered insulin and pramlintide in a fixed ratio, with boluses triggered by a glucose threshold, and administered glucagon in response to low glucose levels.
In this study, Pramlintide (Symlin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Pramlintide (Symlin).
Report a problemFND-3388841303
05HumanNot a test of Pramlintide (Symlin) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes, lowering the multihormone glucagon trigger threshold produced inferior glycemic control versus insulin alone.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes, the lower-threshold multihormone system produced worse glucose control than insulin alone.
Peptide
Pramlintide (Symlin)
Outcome
DecreaseGlycemic control after lowering glucagon trigger threshold
Study
n = 2
Comparator
Insulin-alone artificial pancreas with carbohydrate counting
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
Glycemic control (percentage as reported)
81%
Multihormone arm, 2 participants
Glycemic control (percentage as reported)
91%
Insulin-alone arm, 2 participants
Source sentences
Summary
This resulted in inferior glycemic control for the multihormone arm (81% vs 91%) in 2 participants.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Subsequently, we reduced the glucose threshold that triggers glucagon boluses.
Summary · context
Nine participants (age, 37±13 years; glycated hemoglobin, 7.7±0.7%) completed two 27-hour interventions: a fully automated multihormone artificial pancreas and a comparator insulin-alone artificial pancreas with carbohydrate counting.
Summary · context
The baseline algorithm was a model-predictive controller that administered insulin and pramlintide in a fixed ratio, with boluses triggered by a glucose threshold, and administered glucagon in response to low glucose levels.
In this study, Pramlintide (Symlin) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Pramlintide (Symlin).
Report a problemFND-3388841304

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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