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Study · Randomized controlled trial · n = 20 · 2021

6 results

The effects of 3 weeks of oral glutathione supplementation on whole body insulin sensitivity in obese males with and without type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial.

Søndergård SD, Cintin I, Kuhlman AB, Morville TH, Bergmann ML, Kjær LK, Poulsen HE, Giustarini D, Rossi R, Dela F, Helge JW, Larsen S

Applied physiology, nutrition, and metabolism = Physiologie appliquee, nutrition et metabolisme19 Mar 2021Cited by 31 (Europe PMC)

PMID33740389 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1139/apnm-2020-1099 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-33740389
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

6 results from studies that gave the peptide. 6 results from people.

  1. 01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In obese subjects with and without diabetes, whole body insulin sensitivity increased significantly in the GSH group.

    In plain wordsIn obese subjects with and without diabetes, insulin sensitivity increased from baseline in the glutathione group.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    IncreaseWhole body insulin sensitivity
    Study

    n = 20

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    1000 mg per day · oral · 3 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Whole body insulin sensitivity increased significantly in the GSH group.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Twenty subjects (10 patients with T2DM and 10 obese subjects) were recruited for the study, and randomized in a double-blinded placebo-controlled manner to consume either 1000 mg GSH per day or placebo for 3 weeks.
  2. 02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In obese subjects with and without diabetes, skeletal muscle GSH increased numerically by ∼19% in the GSH group.

    In plain wordsIn obese subjects with and without diabetes, muscle glutathione increased numerically from baseline during supplementation.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    IncreaseSkeletal muscle GSH
    Study

    n = 20

    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    1000 mg per day · oral · 3 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Muscle GSH increase
    ≈ 19%
    GSH group

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Skeletal muscle GSH was numerically increased (∼19%) in the GSH group; no change was seen in GSH to glutathione disulfide ratio.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Twenty subjects (10 patients with T2DM and 10 obese subjects) were recruited for the study, and randomized in a double-blinded placebo-controlled manner to consume either 1000 mg GSH per day or placebo for 3 weeks.
  3. 03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In obese subjects with and without diabetes, the GSH to glutathione disulfide ratio did not change during GSH supplementation.

    In plain wordsIn obese subjects with and without diabetes, glutathione supplementation did not change the muscle glutathione to glutathione disulfide ratio.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    No significant changeGSH to glutathione disulfide ratio
    Study

    n = 20

    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    1000 mg per day · oral · 3 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Skeletal muscle GSH was numerically increased (∼19%) in the GSH group; no change was seen in GSH to glutathione disulfide ratio.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Twenty subjects (10 patients with T2DM and 10 obese subjects) were recruited for the study, and randomized in a double-blinded placebo-controlled manner to consume either 1000 mg GSH per day or placebo for 3 weeks.
  4. 04HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In obese subjects with and without diabetes, GSH supplementation did not change skeletal muscle mitochondrial hydrogen peroxide emission.

    In plain wordsIn obese subjects with and without diabetes, glutathione supplementation did not change hydrogen peroxide emission from muscle mitochondria.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    No significant changeMitochondrial hydrogen peroxide emission
    Study

    n = 20

    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    1000 mg per day · oral · 3 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Skeletal muscle mitochondrial H2O2 emission rate did not change in response to the intervention
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Twenty subjects (10 patients with T2DM and 10 obese subjects) were recruited for the study, and randomized in a double-blinded placebo-controlled manner to consume either 1000 mg GSH per day or placebo for 3 weeks.
  5. 05HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In obese subjects with and without diabetes, GSH supplementation did not change urinary 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine excretion.

    In plain wordsIn obese subjects with and without diabetes, glutathione supplementation did not change urinary excretion of an RNA oxidation marker.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    No significant changeUrinary RNA oxidation product
    Study

    n = 20

    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    1000 mg per day · oral · 3 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    and neither did the urinary excretion of the RNA oxidation product 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine or the DNA oxidation product 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Twenty subjects (10 patients with T2DM and 10 obese subjects) were recruited for the study, and randomized in a double-blinded placebo-controlled manner to consume either 1000 mg GSH per day or placebo for 3 weeks.
  6. 06HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In obese subjects with and without diabetes, GSH supplementation did not change urinary 8-oxodG excretion, although excretion decreased across groups over time.

    In plain wordsIn obese subjects with and without diabetes, glutathione did not change urinary DNA oxidation markers, although levels decreased across groups over time.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    No significant changeUrinary DNA oxidation product
    Study

    n = 20

    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    1000 mg per day · oral · 3 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    and neither did the urinary excretion of the RNA oxidation product 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanosine or the DNA oxidation product 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), although 8-oxodG decreased as a main effect of time.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Twenty subjects (10 patients with T2DM and 10 obese subjects) were recruited for the study, and randomized in a double-blinded placebo-controlled manner to consume either 1000 mg GSH per day or placebo for 3 weeks.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Registered trials1

Trials this study reports on, or that list this study as a reference. Registry data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

1 trial · 1 completed · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

CompletedNot applicableNCT02948673

The Production of Reactive Oxygen Species in Response to Glutathione Supplementation and Acute Exercise

University of Copenhagenn = 20May 2016 to Dec 2017

Type 2 Diabetes · Oxidative Stress · Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Production

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 2 May 2018

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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