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Study · Randomized controlled trial · n = 15 · 2021

14 results

Oral semaglutide improves postprandial glucose and lipid metabolism, and delays gastric emptying, in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Dahl K, Brooks A, Almazedi F, Hoff ST, Boschini C, Baekdal TA

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism29 Mar 2021Cited by 71 (Europe PMC)

PMID33710717 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC8251575 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1111/dom.14373 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-33710717
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study14

14 results from studies that gave the peptide. 14 results from people.

  1. 01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, postprandial glucose AUC was lower with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, blood sugar after a meal was lower with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreasePostprandial glucose AUC 0-5h after standard breakfast
    Study

    n = 15

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    escalated to 14 mg once daily · oral · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Estimated treatment ratio
    0.71 ratio
    AUC0-5h glucose

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Postprandial glucose (AUC0-5h ) was significantly lower with oral semaglutide versus placebo (estimated treatment ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.63, 0.81; p < .0001); glucose incremental AUC (iAUC0-5h/5h ) and glucagon AUC0-5h were also significantly reduced, with similar re…
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The primary endpoint was area under the glucose 0-5-h curve (AUC0-5h ) after the standard breakfast.
    Summary · context
    In this randomized, double-blind, single-centre, crossover trial, subjects with T2D received once-daily oral semaglutide (escalated to 14 mg) followed by placebo, or vice versa, over two consecutive 12-week periods.
  2. 02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, fasting glucose was lower with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, fasting blood sugar was lower with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseFasting glucose
    Study

    n = 15

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    escalated to 14 mg once daily · oral · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Fasting concentrations of glucose were significantly lower, and C-peptide significantly greater, with oral semaglutide versus placebo.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In this randomized, double-blind, single-centre, crossover trial, subjects with T2D received once-daily oral semaglutide (escalated to 14 mg) followed by placebo, or vice versa, over two consecutive 12-week periods.
  3. 03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, fasting C-peptide was greater with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, fasting C-peptide was higher with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseFasting C-peptide
    Study

    n = 15

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    escalated to 14 mg once daily · oral · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Fasting concentrations of glucose were significantly lower, and C-peptide significantly greater, with oral semaglutide versus placebo.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In this randomized, double-blind, single-centre, crossover trial, subjects with T2D received once-daily oral semaglutide (escalated to 14 mg) followed by placebo, or vice versa, over two consecutive 12-week periods.
  4. 04HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, glucose incremental AUC after a meal was lower with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, the rise in blood sugar after a meal was smaller with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseGlucose incremental AUC 0-5h/5h
    Study

    n = 15

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    escalated to 14 mg once daily · oral · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Postprandial glucose (AUC0-5h ) was significantly lower with oral semaglutide versus placebo (estimated treatment ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.63, 0.81; p < .0001); glucose incremental AUC (iAUC0-5h/5h ) and glucagon AUC0-5h were also significantly reduced, with similar re…
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In this randomized, double-blind, single-centre, crossover trial, subjects with T2D received once-daily oral semaglutide (escalated to 14 mg) followed by placebo, or vice versa, over two consecutive 12-week periods.
  5. 05HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, glucagon AUC after a meal was lower with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, glucagon after a meal was lower with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseGlucagon AUC 0-5h
    Study

    n = 15

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    escalated to 14 mg once daily · oral · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Postprandial glucose (AUC0-5h ) was significantly lower with oral semaglutide versus placebo (estimated treatment ratio, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.63, 0.81; p < .0001); glucose incremental AUC (iAUC0-5h/5h ) and glucagon AUC0-5h were also significantly reduced, with similar re…
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In this randomized, double-blind, single-centre, crossover trial, subjects with T2D received once-daily oral semaglutide (escalated to 14 mg) followed by placebo, or vice versa, over two consecutive 12-week periods.
  6. 06HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, fasting triglycerides were lower with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, fasting blood fats (triglycerides) were lower with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseFasting triglycerides
    Study

    n = 15

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Lipids · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    escalated to 14 mg once daily · oral · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Fasting concentrations of triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB48) were significantly lower with oral semaglutide versus placebo.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In this randomized, double-blind, single-centre, crossover trial, subjects with T2D received once-daily oral semaglutide (escalated to 14 mg) followed by placebo, or vice versa, over two consecutive 12-week periods.
  7. 07HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, fasting VLDL was lower with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, fasting VLDL cholesterol particles were lower with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseFasting VLDL
    Study

    n = 15

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Lipids · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    escalated to 14 mg once daily · oral · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Fasting concentrations of triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB48) were significantly lower with oral semaglutide versus placebo.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In this randomized, double-blind, single-centre, crossover trial, subjects with T2D received once-daily oral semaglutide (escalated to 14 mg) followed by placebo, or vice versa, over two consecutive 12-week periods.
  8. 08HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, fasting ApoB48 was lower with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, fasting ApoB48, a gut-made fat particle protein, was lower with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseFasting ApoB48
    Study

    n = 15

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Lipids · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    escalated to 14 mg once daily · oral · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Fasting concentrations of triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and apolipoprotein B48 (ApoB48) were significantly lower with oral semaglutide versus placebo.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In this randomized, double-blind, single-centre, crossover trial, subjects with T2D received once-daily oral semaglutide (escalated to 14 mg) followed by placebo, or vice versa, over two consecutive 12-week periods.
  9. 09HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, postprandial triglyceride AUC was reduced with oral semaglutide versus placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, blood fats after a meal were lower with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseTriglycerides AUC 0-8h after meal
    Study

    n = 15

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Lipids · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    escalated to 14 mg once daily · oral · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    AUC0-8h for triglycerides, VLDL and ApoB48, and triglycerides iAUC0-8h/8h , were significantly reduced after oral semaglutide versus placebo.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In this randomized, double-blind, single-centre, crossover trial, subjects with T2D received once-daily oral semaglutide (escalated to 14 mg) followed by placebo, or vice versa, over two consecutive 12-week periods.
  10. 10HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, postprandial VLDL AUC was reduced with oral semaglutide versus placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, VLDL particles after a meal were lower with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseVLDL AUC 0-8h after meal
    Study

    n = 15

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Lipids · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    escalated to 14 mg once daily · oral · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    AUC0-8h for triglycerides, VLDL and ApoB48, and triglycerides iAUC0-8h/8h , were significantly reduced after oral semaglutide versus placebo.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In this randomized, double-blind, single-centre, crossover trial, subjects with T2D received once-daily oral semaglutide (escalated to 14 mg) followed by placebo, or vice versa, over two consecutive 12-week periods.
  11. 11HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, postprandial ApoB48 AUC was reduced with oral semaglutide versus placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, ApoB48 after a meal was lower with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseApoB48 AUC 0-8h after meal
    Study

    n = 15

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Lipids · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    escalated to 14 mg once daily · oral · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    AUC0-8h for triglycerides, VLDL and ApoB48, and triglycerides iAUC0-8h/8h , were significantly reduced after oral semaglutide versus placebo.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In this randomized, double-blind, single-centre, crossover trial, subjects with T2D received once-daily oral semaglutide (escalated to 14 mg) followed by placebo, or vice versa, over two consecutive 12-week periods.
  12. 12HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, postprandial triglyceride incremental AUC was reduced with oral semaglutide versus placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, the rise in blood fats after a meal was smaller with oral semaglutide than with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseTriglycerides incremental AUC 0-8h/8h
    Study

    n = 15

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Lipids · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    escalated to 14 mg once daily · oral · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    AUC0-8h for triglycerides, VLDL and ApoB48, and triglycerides iAUC0-8h/8h , were significantly reduced after oral semaglutide versus placebo.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In this randomized, double-blind, single-centre, crossover trial, subjects with T2D received once-daily oral semaglutide (escalated to 14 mg) followed by placebo, or vice versa, over two consecutive 12-week periods.
  13. 13HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide delayed gastric emptying in the first postprandial hour versus placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, oral semaglutide slowed stomach emptying in the first hour after a meal, compared with placebo.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseGastric emptying (paracetamol AUC 0-1h)
    Study

    n = 15

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal motility · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    escalated to 14 mg once daily · oral · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Paracetamol AUC0-1h decrease
    31%
    oral semaglutide vs placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    During the first postprandial hour, gastric emptying was delayed (a 31% decrease in paracetamol AUC0-1h ) with oral semaglutide versus placebo.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In this randomized, double-blind, single-centre, crossover trial, subjects with T2D received once-daily oral semaglutide (escalated to 14 mg) followed by placebo, or vice versa, over two consecutive 12-week periods.
  14. 14HumanRandomized controlled trialSafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, one serious adverse event (acute myocardial infarction) occurred during oral semaglutide treatment.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, one serious event, a heart attack, happened during oral semaglutide treatment.

    Peptide
    Semaglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableSerious adverse events
    Study

    n = 15

    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Whole body
    Studied dose
    escalated to 14 mg once daily · oral · 12 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    One serious adverse event (acute myocardial infarction) occurred during oral semaglutide treatment.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In this randomized, double-blind, single-centre, crossover trial, subjects with T2D received once-daily oral semaglutide (escalated to 14 mg) followed by placebo, or vice versa, over two consecutive 12-week periods.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    11 Oct 2026, 00:50 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:06 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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