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Study · Ex vivo tissue · mouse · 2021

13 results

Ectopic Expression of Human Thymosin β4 Confers Resistance to Legionella pneumophila during Pulmonary and Systemic Infection in Mice.

Park B, Shin MH, Kim J, Park G, Ryu YK, Lee JW, Kim TJ, Moon EY, Lee KM

Infection and immunity17 Mar 2021Cited by 6 (Europe PMC)

PMID33468581 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC8090946 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1128/iai.00735-20 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-33468581
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study13

2 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01LabEx vivo tissueEfficacy outcome

    In bone marrow-derived macrophages challenged with L. pneumophila, Tb4-Tg macrophages showed no change in survival.

    In plain wordsIn lab-grown mouse macrophages, the extra thymosin beta‑4 did not change cell survival.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    No significant changeMacrophage survival after L. pneumophila challenge
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    bone marrow-derived macrophages
    Comparator
    Wild-type controls
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · transgenic overexpressionAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    without affecting their survival.
  2. 02LabEx vivo tissueMechanism

    In Tb4-Tg macrophages, the anti-inflammatory effects on each cytokine were affected by TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 or TLR9 ligands, which suggests mediation by reduced TLR activation.

    In plain wordsIn lab-grown mouse macrophages, the anti-inflammatory effect changed when TLR triggers were used, which suggests a link to TLR signalling.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    MixedCytokine effect with TLR2, TLR4, TLR5 or TLR9 ligands
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    bone marrow-derived macrophages
    Comparator
    Wild-type controls
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · transgenic overexpressionAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The anti-inflammatory effects of BMDM in Tβ4-Tg mice on each cytokine were affected when triggering with tlr2, tlr4, tlr5, or tlr9 ligands, suggesting that anti-inflammatory effects of Tβ4 are likely mediated by the reduced activation of Toll-like receptors (TLR).

Studies that did not test the peptide alone11

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  1. 03AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice infected with L. pneumophila, Tb4-overexpressing transgenic mice had significantly lower bacterial loads in the lung than wild-type controls.

    In plain wordsIn mice with Legionella infection, mice bred to make extra human Tβ4 had far fewer bacteria in the lung than normal mice.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseLung bacterial load after L. pneumophila infection
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Tb4-overexpressing transgenic mice
    Comparator
    Wild-type controls
    Outcome group
    Infection and antimicrobial activity · Infection

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Upon infection, Tβ4-Tg mice demonstrated significantly lower bacterial loads in the lung
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We adopted Tβ4-overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mice to investigate the role of Tβ4 in acute pulmonary infection and systemic sepsis caused by

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  2. 04AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice infected with L. pneumophila, Tb4-overexpressing transgenic mice had less hyaline membranes and necrotic abscess in the lung.

    In plain wordsIn mice with Legionella infection, mice bred to make extra Tβ4 had less lung damage (hyaline membranes and abscess) than normal mice.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseLung hyaline membranes and necrotic abscess
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Tb4-overexpressing transgenic mice
    Comparator
    Wild-type controls
    Outcome group
    Infection and antimicrobial activity · Infection

    Source sentences

    Summary
    less hyaline membranes and necrotic abscess
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We adopted Tβ4-overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mice to investigate the role of Tβ4 in acute pulmonary infection and systemic sepsis caused by

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  3. 05AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice infected with L. pneumophila, Tb4-overexpressing transgenic mice had lower interstitial infiltration of neutrophils in the lung.

    In plain wordsIn mice with Legionella infection, mice bred to make extra Tβ4 had fewer neutrophils in the lung tissue than normal mice.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseLung interstitial neutrophil infiltration
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Tb4-overexpressing transgenic mice
    Comparator
    Wild-type controls
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    with lower interstitial infiltration of neutrophils, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We adopted Tβ4-overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mice to investigate the role of Tβ4 in acute pulmonary infection and systemic sepsis caused by

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  4. 06AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice infected with L. pneumophila, Tb4-overexpressing transgenic mice had lower interstitial infiltration of CD4+ T cells in the lung.

    In plain wordsIn mice with Legionella infection, mice bred to make extra Tβ4 had fewer CD4 T cells in the lung tissue than normal mice.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseLung interstitial CD4+ T cell infiltration
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Tb4-overexpressing transgenic mice
    Comparator
    Wild-type controls
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    with lower interstitial infiltration of neutrophils, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We adopted Tβ4-overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mice to investigate the role of Tβ4 in acute pulmonary infection and systemic sepsis caused by

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  5. 07AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice infected with L. pneumophila, Tb4-overexpressing transgenic mice had lower interstitial infiltration of CD8+ T cells in the lung.

    In plain wordsIn mice with Legionella infection, mice bred to make extra Tβ4 had fewer CD8 T cells in the lung tissue than normal mice.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseLung interstitial CD8+ T cell infiltration
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Tb4-overexpressing transgenic mice
    Comparator
    Wild-type controls
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    with lower interstitial infiltration of neutrophils, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We adopted Tβ4-overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mice to investigate the role of Tβ4 in acute pulmonary infection and systemic sepsis caused by

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  6. 08AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Activity measurement

    Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of Tb4-Tg mice had higher bactericidal activity against exogenously added L. pneumophila than that of wild-type controls.

    In plain wordsLung wash fluid from mice bred to make extra Tβ4 killed more Legionella bacteria than lung wash fluid from normal mice.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseBactericidal activity of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Tb4-overexpressing transgenic mice
    Comparator
    Wild-type controls
    Outcome group
    Infection and antimicrobial activity · Infection

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of Tβ4-Tg mice possessed higher bactericidal activity against exogenously added
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We adopted Tβ4-overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mice to investigate the role of Tβ4 in acute pulmonary infection and systemic sepsis caused by

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  7. 09AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with pulmonary L. pneumophila infection, qPCR showed significantly reduced IL-1b in lung homogenates of Tb4-Tg mice.

    In plain wordsIn mice with Legionella lung infection, mice bred to make extra Tβ4 had lower IL-1b in the lung than normal mice.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseLung IL-1b mRNA after pulmonary infection
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Tb4-overexpressing transgenic mice
    Comparator
    Wild-type controls
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, qPCR analysis of lung homogenates demonstrated significant reduction of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which primarily originate from lung macrophages, in Tβ4-Tg mice after pulmonary infection.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We adopted Tβ4-overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mice to investigate the role of Tβ4 in acute pulmonary infection and systemic sepsis caused by

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  8. 10AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with pulmonary L. pneumophila infection, qPCR showed significantly reduced TNF-a in lung homogenates of Tb4-Tg mice.

    In plain wordsIn mice with Legionella lung infection, mice bred to make extra Tβ4 had lower TNF-a in the lung than normal mice.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseLung TNF-a mRNA after pulmonary infection
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Tb4-overexpressing transgenic mice
    Comparator
    Wild-type controls
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, qPCR analysis of lung homogenates demonstrated significant reduction of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), which primarily originate from lung macrophages, in Tβ4-Tg mice after pulmonary infection.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We adopted Tβ4-overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mice to investigate the role of Tβ4 in acute pulmonary infection and systemic sepsis caused by

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  9. 11AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In a mouse model of systemic sepsis, Tb4-Tg mice were protected from L. pneumophila-induced lethality compared with wild-type controls.

    In plain wordsIn mice with severe Legionella infection of the blood, mice bred to make extra Tβ4 were protected from death compared with normal mice.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseSurvival in L. pneumophila systemic sepsis
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Tb4-overexpressing transgenic mice
    Comparator
    Wild-type controls
    Outcome group
    Mortality · Infection

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Finally, Tβ4-Tg mice in a systemic sepsis model were protected from L. pneumophila-induced lethality compared to wild-type controls.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    We adopted Tβ4-overexpressing transgenic (Tg) mice to investigate the role of Tβ4 in acute pulmonary infection and systemic sepsis caused by

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  10. 12LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneEx vivo tissueEfficacy outcome

    In bone marrow-derived macrophages challenged with L. pneumophila, IL-1b protein secretion was reduced in Tb4-Tg macrophages.

    In plain wordsIn immune cells called macrophages, cells from mice bred to make extra Tβ4 released less IL-1b after Legionella challenge.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseIL-1b secretion from macrophages after L. pneumophila challenge
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    bone marrow-derived macrophages
    Comparator
    Wild-type controls
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Upon L. pneumophila challenge of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) in vitro, secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α proteins was also reduced in Tβ4-Tg macrophages, without affecting their survival.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  11. 13LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneEx vivo tissueEfficacy outcome

    In bone marrow-derived macrophages challenged with L. pneumophila, TNF-a protein secretion was reduced in Tb4-Tg macrophages.

    In plain wordsIn immune cells called macrophages, cells from mice bred to make extra Tβ4 released less TNF-a after Legionella challenge.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseTNF-a secretion from macrophages after L. pneumophila challenge
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    bone marrow-derived macrophages
    Comparator
    Wild-type controls
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Upon L. pneumophila challenge of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) in vitro, secretion of IL-1β and TNF-α proteins was also reduced in Tβ4-Tg macrophages, without affecting their survival.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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