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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2021

4 results

Neural cell-derived plasma exosome protein abnormalities implicate mitochondrial impairment in first episodes of psychosis.

Goetzl EJ, Srihari VH, Guloksuz S, Ferrara M, Tek C, Heninger GR

FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology1 Feb 2021Cited by 34 (Europe PMC)

PMID33454965 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1096/fj.202002519r (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-33454965
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study4

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured4

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In first-episode psychosis patients, MOTS‑c levels in plasma astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles were significantly lower than in matched controls.

    In plain wordsIn people with a first episode of psychosis, the body's own MOTS‑c level in astrocyte vesicles from blood was lower than in healthy people.

    Peptide
    MOTS-c
    Outcome
    DecreaseMOTS-c in astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles, first-episode psychosis versus controls
    Study

    n = 20

    Comparator
    Matched controls
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Mental health and mood

    Source sentences

    Summary
    FP patient ADEV and NDEV levels of the functionally critical mitochondrial proteins mitofusin 2 and cyclophilin D, but not of transcription factor A of mitochondria, and of the mitochondrial short open-reading frame neuroprotective and metabolic regulatory peptides humanin and MOTS-c were significan…
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Neuroprotective and other functional proteins of mitochondria were quantified in extracts of plasma neural-derived exosomes from ten first-episode psychosis (FP) patients and ten matched psychiatrically normal controls (ctls).

    This result measures the body's own MOTS-c. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In first-episode psychosis patients, MOTS‑c levels in plasma neuron-derived extracellular vesicles were significantly lower than in matched controls.

    In plain wordsIn people with a first episode of psychosis, the body's own MOTS‑c level in nerve-cell vesicles from blood was lower than in healthy people.

    Peptide
    MOTS-c
    Outcome
    DecreaseMOTS-c in neuron-derived extracellular vesicles, first-episode psychosis versus controls
    Study

    n = 20

    Comparator
    Matched controls
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Mental health and mood

    Source sentences

    Summary
    FP patient ADEV and NDEV levels of the functionally critical mitochondrial proteins mitofusin 2 and cyclophilin D, but not of transcription factor A of mitochondria, and of the mitochondrial short open-reading frame neuroprotective and metabolic regulatory peptides humanin and MOTS-c were significan…
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Neuroprotective and other functional proteins of mitochondria were quantified in extracts of plasma neural-derived exosomes from ten first-episode psychosis (FP) patients and ten matched psychiatrically normal controls (ctls).

    This result measures the body's own MOTS-c. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  3. 03HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In first-episode psychosis patients, humanin levels in astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles were significantly lower than in matched controls.

    In plain wordsIn people with first-episode psychosis, the body's own humanin levels in astrocyte-derived vesicles were lower than in matched controls.

    Peptide
    Humanin
    Outcome
    DecreaseHumanin in astrocyte-derived extracellular vesicles
    Study

    n = 20

    Comparator
    Matched psychiatrically normal controls
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Mental health and mood

    Source sentences

    Summary
    FP patient ADEV and NDEV levels of the functionally critical mitochondrial proteins mitofusin 2 and cyclophilin D, but not of transcription factor A of mitochondria, and of the mitochondrial short open-reading frame neuroprotective and metabolic regulatory peptides humanin and MOTS-c were significan…
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Neuroprotective and other functional proteins of mitochondria were quantified in extracts of plasma neural-derived exosomes from ten first-episode psychosis (FP) patients and ten matched psychiatrically normal controls (ctls).

    This result measures the body's own Humanin. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  4. 04HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In first-episode psychosis patients, humanin levels in neuron-derived extracellular vesicles were significantly lower than in matched controls.

    In plain wordsIn people with first-episode psychosis, the body's own humanin levels in neuron-derived vesicles were lower than in matched controls.

    Peptide
    Humanin
    Outcome
    DecreaseHumanin in neuron-derived extracellular vesicles
    Study

    n = 20

    Comparator
    Matched psychiatrically normal controls
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Mental health and mood

    Source sentences

    Summary
    FP patient ADEV and NDEV levels of the functionally critical mitochondrial proteins mitofusin 2 and cyclophilin D, but not of transcription factor A of mitochondria, and of the mitochondrial short open-reading frame neuroprotective and metabolic regulatory peptides humanin and MOTS-c were significan…
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Neuroprotective and other functional proteins of mitochondria were quantified in extracts of plasma neural-derived exosomes from ten first-episode psychosis (FP) patients and ten matched psychiatrically normal controls (ctls).

    This result measures the body's own Humanin. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Versions 4 to 18Current

    28 Oct 2026, 02:02 UTC

    The same notice was added 15 times, first on 13 Oct 2026, 21:44 UTC. The status did not change between them.

    Study results updated

  2. Version 3

    13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 2

    10 Oct 2026, 08:19 UTC

    Study results updated

  4. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:47 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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