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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2021

3 results

Thymosin β4 dynamics during chicken enteroid development.

Acharya M, Liyanage R, Gupta A, Arsi K, Donoghue AM, Lay JO Jr, Rath NC

Molecular and cellular biochemistry10 Dec 2020

PMID33301106 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC7873109 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1007/s11010-020-04008-x (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-33301106
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Summary

The sheared avian intestinal villus-crypts exhibit high tendency to self-repair and develop enteroids in culture. Presuming that this transition process involves differential biomolecular changes, we employed matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to find whether there were differences in the spectral profiles of sheared villi versus the enteroids, assessed in the mass range of 2-18 kDa. The results showed substantial differences in the intensities of the spectral peaks, one particularly corresponding to the mass of 4963 Da, which was significantly low in the sheared villus-crypts compared with the enteroids. Based on our previous results with other avian tissues and further molecular characterization by LC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), the peak was identified to be thymosin β4 (Tβ4), a ubiquitously occurring regulatory peptide implicated in wound healing process. The identity of the peptide was further confirmed by immunohistochemistry which showed it to be present in a very low levels in the sheared villi but replete in the enteroids. Since Tβ4 sequesters G-actin preventing its polymerization to F-actin, we compared the changes in F-actin by its immunohistochemical localization that showed no significant differences between the sheared villi and enteroids. We propose that depletion of Tβ4 likely precedes villous reparation process. The possible mechanism for the differences in Tβ4 profile in relation to the healing of the villus-crypts to developing enteroids is discussed.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study3

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured2

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01LabEndogenous levelEx vivo tissueOther

    In chicken intestine, the 4963 Da peak identified as thymosin b4 was significantly lower in sheared villus-crypts than in enteroids.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests on chicken intestine tissue, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 was lower in sheared villi than in enteroids.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseTb4 peak intensity in sheared villus-crypts versus enteroids by MALDI-TOF-MS
    Study

    chickenn: not reported in source

    chicken intestinal enteroids and sheared villus-crypts
    Comparator
    Sheared villus-crypts
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The results showed substantial differences in the intensities of the spectral peaks, one particularly corresponding to the mass of 4963 Da, which was significantly low in the sheared villus-crypts compared with the enteroids.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Based on our previous results with other avian tissues and further molecular characterization by LC-ESI-IT-TOF-MS, and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), the peak was identified to be thymosin β4 (Tβ4), a ubiquitously occurring regulatory peptide implicated in wound healing process.
    Summary · context
    Presuming that this transition process involves differential biomolecular changes, we employed matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to find whether there were differences in the spectral profiles of sheared villi versus the enteroids, assessed in the mass range of 2-18 kDa.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02LabEndogenous levelEx vivo tissueOther

    In chicken intestine, immunohistochemistry showed very low thymosin b4 in sheared villi and abundant thymosin b4 in enteroids.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests on chicken intestine tissue, staining showed very little of the body's own thymosin beta‑4 in sheared villi and much more in enteroids.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseTb4 immunohistochemistry in sheared villi versus enteroids
    Study

    chickenn: not reported in source

    chicken intestinal enteroids and sheared villus-crypts
    Comparator
    Sheared villus-crypts
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The identity of the peptide was further confirmed by immunohistochemistry which showed it to be present in a very low levels in the sheared villi but replete in the enteroids.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Presuming that this transition process involves differential biomolecular changes, we employed matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to find whether there were differences in the spectral profiles of sheared villi versus the enteroids, assessed in the mass range of 2-18 kDa.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone1

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  1. 03LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneEx vivo tissueMechanism

    In chicken intestine, F-actin immunohistochemical localization did not differ significantly between sheared villi and enteroids.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests on chicken intestine tissue, F-actin staining did not differ between sheared villi and enteroids.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    No significant changeF-actin localization in sheared villi versus enteroids
    Study

    chickenn: not reported in source

    chicken intestinal enteroids and sheared villus-crypts
    Comparator
    Sheared villus-crypts
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal protection · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Since Tβ4 sequesters G-actin preventing its polymerization to F-actin, we compared the changes in F-actin by its immunohistochemical localization that showed no significant differences between the sheared villi and enteroids.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Presuming that this transition process involves differential biomolecular changes, we employed matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) to find whether there were differences in the spectral profiles of sheared villi versus the enteroids, assessed in the mass range of 2-18 kDa.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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