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Study · Randomized controlled trial · n = 316 · 2021

6 results

Dual GIP and GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Tirzepatide Improves Beta-cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes.

Thomas MK, Nikooienejad A, Bray R, Cui X, Wilson J, Duffin K, Milicevic Z, Haupt A, Robins DA

The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism1 Jan 2021Cited by 270 (Europe PMC)

PMID33236115 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC7823251 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1210/clinem/dgaa863 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-33236115
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC-ND. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study6

6 results from studies that gave the peptide. 6 results from people.

  1. 01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In subjects with type 2 diabetes, HOMA2-B, a marker of beta-cell function, increased significantly at 26 weeks with tirzepatide 5, 10 and 15 mg, and with dulaglutide, compared with placebo (P ≤ .02).

    In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes, tirzepatide improved a marker of how well insulin-making cells work, compared with placebo.

    Peptide
    Tirzepatide
    Outcome
    IncreaseHOMA2-B (beta-cell function)
    Study

    n = 316

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    5 mg, 10 mg or 15 mg · 26 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) 2-B significantly increased with dulaglutide and tirzepatide 5, 10, and 15 mg compared with placebo (P ≤ .02).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Three hundred and sixteen subjects with type 2 diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Tirzepatide (1, 5, 10, 15 mg), dulaglutide (1.5 mg), placebo.
  2. 02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In subjects with type 2 diabetes, proinsulin/insulin and proinsulin/C-peptide ratios decreased significantly at 26 weeks with tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg compared with placebo and dulaglutide (P ≤ .007).

    In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes, tirzepatide 10 mg and 15 mg lowered proinsulin ratios, markers of beta-cell function, compared with placebo and dulaglutide.

    Peptide
    Tirzepatide
    Outcome
    DecreaseProinsulin/insulin and proinsulin/C-peptide ratios
    Study

    n = 316

    Comparator
    Placebo and dulaglutide
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    10 mg or 15 mg · 26 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Proinsulin/insulin and proinsulin/C-peptide ratios significantly decreased with tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg compared with placebo and dulaglutide (P ≤ .007).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Three hundred and sixteen subjects with type 2 diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Tirzepatide (1, 5, 10, 15 mg), dulaglutide (1.5 mg), placebo.
  3. 03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In subjects with type 2 diabetes, tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg significantly decreased fasting insulin at 26 weeks compared with placebo and dulaglutide (P ≤ .033).

    In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes, tirzepatide 10 mg and 15 mg lowered fasting insulin levels compared with placebo and dulaglutide.

    Peptide
    Tirzepatide
    Outcome
    DecreaseFasting insulin
    Study

    n = 316

    Comparator
    Placebo and dulaglutide
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    10 mg or 15 mg · 26 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg significantly decreased fasting insulin (P ≤ .033) and tirzepatide 10 mg significantly decreased HOMA2-IR (P = .004) compared with placebo and dulaglutide.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Three hundred and sixteen subjects with type 2 diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Tirzepatide (1, 5, 10, 15 mg), dulaglutide (1.5 mg), placebo.
  4. 04HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In subjects with type 2 diabetes, tirzepatide 10 mg significantly decreased HOMA2-IR, a marker of insulin resistance, at 26 weeks compared with placebo and dulaglutide (P = .004).

    In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes, tirzepatide 10 mg lowered a marker of insulin resistance compared with placebo and dulaglutide.

    Peptide
    Tirzepatide
    Outcome
    DecreaseHOMA2-IR (insulin resistance)
    Study

    n = 316

    Comparator
    Placebo and dulaglutide
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    10 mg · 26 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg significantly decreased fasting insulin (P ≤ .033) and tirzepatide 10 mg significantly decreased HOMA2-IR (P = .004) compared with placebo and dulaglutide.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Three hundred and sixteen subjects with type 2 diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Tirzepatide (1, 5, 10, 15 mg), dulaglutide (1.5 mg), placebo.
  5. 05HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In subjects with type 2 diabetes, the insulin sensitivity markers adiponectin, IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 increased significantly with one or more tirzepatide doses.

    In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes, markers of better insulin sensitivity rose with one or more doses of tirzepatide.

    Peptide
    Tirzepatide
    Outcome
    IncreaseInsulin sensitivity markers (adiponectin, IGFBP-1, IGFBP-2)
    Study

    n = 316

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    1, 5, 10 or 15 mg · 26 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Markers of improved insulin sensitivity (IS) adiponectin, IGFBP-1, and IGFBP-2 significantly increased by 1 or more doses of tirzepatide (P < .05).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Three hundred and sixteen subjects with type 2 diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Tirzepatide (1, 5, 10, 15 mg), dulaglutide (1.5 mg), placebo.
  6. 06HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In subjects with type 2 diabetes, weight loss significantly explained only part of the improvement in HOMA2-IR with tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg, so effects on insulin sensitivity were only partly due to weight loss.

    In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes, weight loss explained only part of the improvement in insulin resistance seen with tirzepatide.

    Peptide
    Tirzepatide
    Outcome
    Not applicableShare of HOMA2-IR improvement explained by weight loss
    Study

    n = 316

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    10 mg or 15 mg · 26 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    WL significantly (P ≤ .028) explained only 13% and 21% of improvement in HOMA2-IR with tirzepatide 10 and 15 mg, respectively.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    IS effects of tirzepatide were only partly attributable to WL
    Summary · context
    Three hundred and sixteen subjects with type 2 diabetes.
    Summary · context
    Tirzepatide (1, 5, 10, 15 mg), dulaglutide (1.5 mg), placebo.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    9 Oct 2026, 12:39 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:07 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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