Combination therapy with pioglitazone/exenatide improves beta-cell function and produces superior glycaemic control compared with basal/bolus insulin in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: A 3-year follow-up of the Qatar study.

Abdul-Ghani M, Migahid O, Megahed A, DeFronzo RA, Al-Ozairi E, Jayyousi A

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism3 Sept 2020Cited by 16 (Europe PMC)

PMID32729222DOI10.1111/dom.14153PepBankPUB-32729222

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study5

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone5

In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

01HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In poorly controlled T2D, pioglitazone plus exenatide reduced HbA1c more than basal/bolus insulin.
In plain wordsIn T2D, pioglitazone plus exenatide reduced HbA1c more than basal/bolus insulin.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseHbA1c decrement
Study
n = 331
Comparator
Basal/bolus insulin
Analysis
Primary
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
HbA1c difference
−1.1%
combination versus insulin
Source sentences
Summary
However, combination therapy caused a greater decrement (-1.1%, P < .0001) than insulin therapy, and more subjects in the combination therapy group (86%) achieved the American Diabetes Association goal of glycaemic control (HbA1c < 7.0%) than those in the insulin therapy group (44%) (P < .0001).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
After completing the baseline OGTT, subjects were randomized to receive either pioglitazone plus weekly exenatide (combination therapy) or basal/bolus insulin (insulin therapy) to maintain an HbA1c of less than 7.0%.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-3272922201
02HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In T2D, more participants achieved the HbA1c goal with pioglitazone plus exenatide than insulin.
In plain wordsIn T2D, more participants achieved the HbA1c goal with pioglitazone plus exenatide than insulin.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseHbA1c goal achievement
Study
n = 331
Comparator
Basal/bolus insulin
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
Goal achievement
86%
combination
Goal achievement
44%
insulin
Source sentences
Summary
However, combination therapy caused a greater decrement (-1.1%, P < .0001) than insulin therapy, and more subjects in the combination therapy group (86%) achieved the American Diabetes Association goal of glycaemic control (HbA1c < 7.0%) than those in the insulin therapy group (44%) (P < .0001).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
After completing the baseline OGTT, subjects were randomized to receive either pioglitazone plus weekly exenatide (combination therapy) or basal/bolus insulin (insulin therapy) to maintain an HbA1c of less than 7.0%.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-3272922202
03HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In T2D, pioglitazone plus exenatide improved insulin secretion more than insulin therapy.
In plain wordsIn T2D, pioglitazone plus exenatide improved insulin secretion more than insulin therapy.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseInsulin secretion improvement
Study
n = 331
Comparator
Basal/bolus insulin
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Measurements
Insulin secretion improvement, combination versus insulin therapy
2.5-fold
combination therapy versus insulin therapy
Insulin secretion improvement
50%
insulin therapy
Source sentences
Summary
However, the improvement in insulin secretion with combination therapy was 2.5-fold greater (P < .001) than with insulin therapy (50%).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
After completing the baseline OGTT, subjects were randomized to receive either pioglitazone plus weekly exenatide (combination therapy) or basal/bolus insulin (insulin therapy) to maintain an HbA1c of less than 7.0%.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-3272922203
04HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In T2D, pioglitazone plus exenatide caused less weight gain than insulin therapy.
In plain wordsIn T2D, pioglitazone plus exenatide caused less weight gain than insulin therapy.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseWeight gain
Study
n = 331
Comparator
Basal/bolus insulin
Outcome group
Body weight · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
Insulin therapy caused more weight gain and hypoglycaemia.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
After completing the baseline OGTT, subjects were randomized to receive either pioglitazone plus weekly exenatide (combination therapy) or basal/bolus insulin (insulin therapy) to maintain an HbA1c of less than 7.0%.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-3272922204
05HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneRandomized controlled trialSafety outcome
In T2D, pioglitazone plus exenatide caused less hypoglycaemia than insulin therapy.
In plain wordsIn T2D, pioglitazone plus exenatide caused less low blood sugar than insulin therapy.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseHypoglycaemia
Study
n = 331
Comparator
Basal/bolus insulin
Outcome group
Adverse events · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
Insulin therapy caused more weight gain and hypoglycaemia.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
After completing the baseline OGTT, subjects were randomized to receive either pioglitazone plus weekly exenatide (combination therapy) or basal/bolus insulin (insulin therapy) to maintain an HbA1c of less than 7.0%.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-3272922205

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

MeSH terms

Keywords

Exenatide, Insulin, Pioglitazone, Qatar Study, Type 2 Diabetes

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