Glucagon Administration by Nasal and Intramuscular Routes in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes During Insulin-Induced Hypoglycaemia: A Randomised, Open-Label, Crossover Study.

Suico JG, Hövelmann U, Zhang S, Shen T, Bergman B, Sherr J, Zijlstra E, Frier BM, Plum-Mörschel L

Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders8 Jun 2020Cited by 26 (Europe PMC)

PMID32514794PMCIDPMC7324463DOI10.1007/s13300-020-00845-7PepBankPUB-32514794

Read at source PubMedAsk about this study

Jump to 5 results

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study5

5 results from studies that gave the peptide. 5 results from people.

01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes, nasal and intramuscular glucagon each achieved 100% treatment success, demonstrating nasal non-inferiority.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes, nasal glucagon met the non-inferiority criterion versus intramuscular glucagon, with 100% success for both.
Peptide
Glucagon
Outcome
No significant changeTreatment success
Study
n = 66
Comparator
1 mg intramuscular glucagon
Analysis
Primary
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
3 mg · nasalAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Treatment success
100%
both routes
Source sentences
Summary
Of the 66 participants included in the primary efficacy analysis who received both NG and IMG, 100% achieved treatment success, thus demonstrating non-inferiority of NG to IMG.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The present study assessed whether 3 mg NG was non-inferior to 1 mg intramuscular glucagon (IMG) in adults with type 1 diabetes.
Summary · context
This randomised, open-label, two-period, crossover trial was conducted at two clinical sites.
Report a problemFND-3251479401
02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes, mean treatment success time was 11.4 minutes with nasal versus 9.9 minutes with intramuscular glucagon.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes, nasal glucagon took longer on average than intramuscular glucagon to achieve treatment success.
Peptide
Glucagon
Outcome
IncreaseTime to treatment success
Study
n = 66
Comparator
1 mg intramuscular glucagon
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
3 mg · nasalAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
Mean time
11.4 min
nasal
Mean time
9.9 min
intramuscular
Maximum success time
25 min
all participants
Source sentences
Summary
All participants achieved treatment success within 25 min with the mean time to treatment success of 11.4 min (NG) and 9.9 min (IMG).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The present study assessed whether 3 mg NG was non-inferior to 1 mg intramuscular glucagon (IMG) in adults with type 1 diabetes.
Summary · context
This randomised, open-label, two-period, crossover trial was conducted at two clinical sites.
Report a problemFND-3251479402
03HumanRandomized controlled trialSafety outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes, no serious adverse events occurred with either glucagon route.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes, no serious adverse events occurred with either nasal or intramuscular glucagon.
Peptide
Glucagon
Outcome
Not applicableSerious adverse events
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
1 mg intramuscular glucagon
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Studied dose
3 mg · nasalAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
No serious adverse events occurred.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The present study assessed whether 3 mg NG was non-inferior to 1 mg intramuscular glucagon (IMG) in adults with type 1 diabetes.
Summary · context
This randomised, open-label, two-period, crossover trial was conducted at two clinical sites.
Report a problemFND-3251479403
04HumanRandomized controlled trialSafety outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes, 48 treatment-emergent adverse events followed nasal glucagon versus 51 after intramuscular glucagon.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes, nasal glucagon had 48 reported adverse events compared with 51 after intramuscular glucagon.
Peptide
Glucagon
Outcome
DecreaseTreatment-emergent adverse events
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
1 mg intramuscular glucagon
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Studied dose
3 mg · nasalAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
TEAEs
48 events
nasal
TEAEs
51 events
intramuscular
Source sentences
Summary
Forty-eight treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred after NG and 51 after IMG.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The present study assessed whether 3 mg NG was non-inferior to 1 mg intramuscular glucagon (IMG) in adults with type 1 diabetes.
Summary · context
This randomised, open-label, two-period, crossover trial was conducted at two clinical sites.
Report a problemFND-3251479404
05HumanRandomized controlled trialSafety outcome
In adults with type 1 diabetes receiving nasal or intramuscular glucagon, most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild and transient.
In plain wordsIn adults with type 1 diabetes, most adverse events after nasal or intramuscular glucagon were mild and brief.
Peptide
Glucagon
Outcome
Not applicableAdverse event severity and duration
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
1 mg intramuscular glucagon
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Studied dose
3 mg · nasalAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Most TEAEs were mild and transient.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The present study assessed whether 3 mg NG was non-inferior to 1 mg intramuscular glucagon (IMG) in adults with type 1 diabetes.
Summary · context
This randomised, open-label, two-period, crossover trial was conducted at two clinical sites.
Report a problemFND-3251479405

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Registered trials1

Trials this study reports on, or that list this study as a reference. Registry data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

1 trial · 1 completed · 1 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

CompletedPhase 1Results postedNCT03339453

A Study of Nasal Glucagon in Participants With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Eli Lilly and Companyn = 7010 Nov 2017 to 13 Jan 2018

Hypoglycemia · Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1

Trial page ClinicalTrials.govUpdated 23 Sept 2019

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
28 Oct 2026, 02:03 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
27 Oct 2026, 16:35 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

Publication types

Keywords

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.