Dimeric Thymosin β4 Loaded Nanofibrous Interface Enhanced Regeneration of Muscular Artery in Aging Body through Modulating Perivascular Adipose Stem Cell-Macrophage Interaction.

Chen W, Jia S, Zhang X, Zhang S, Liu H, Yang X, Zhang C, Wu W

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)16 Mar 2020Cited by 14 (Europe PMC)

PMID32328425PMCIDPMC7175290DOI10.1002/advs.201903307PepBankPUB-32328425

Summary

Regenerating nonthrombotic and compliant artery, especially in the aging body, remains a major surgical challenge, mainly owing to the inadequate knowledge of the major cell sources contributing to arterial regeneration and insufficient bioactivity of delivered peptides in grafts. Ultrathin nanofibrous sheaths stented with biodegrading elastomer present opening channels and reduced material residue, enabling fast cell recruitment and host remodeling, while incorporating peptides offering developmental cues are challenging. In this study, a recombinant human thymosin β4 dimer (DTβ4) that contains two complete Tβ4 molecules is produced. The adult perivascular adipose is found as the dominant source of vascular progenitors which, when stimulated by the DTβ4-loaded nanofibrous sheath, enables 100% patency rates, near-complete structural as well as adequate functional regeneration of artery, and effectively ameliorates aging-induced defective regeneration. As compared with Tβ4, DTβ4 exhibits durable regenerative activity including recruiting more progenitors for endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, when incorporated into the ultrathin polycaprolactone sheath. Moreover, the DTβ4-loaded interface promotes smooth muscle cells differentiation, mainly through promoting M2 macrophage polarization and chemokines. Incorporating artificial DTβ4 into ultrathin sheaths of fast degrading vascular grafts creates an effective interface for sufficient muscular remodeling thus offering a robust tool for vessel replacement.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study6

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone6

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

01AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In an arterial graft model, a nanofibrous sheath loaded with a Tβ4 dimer gave 100% patency and near-complete structural regeneration of the artery.
In plain wordsIn animals, a graft sheath loaded with a doubled form of Tβ4 stayed fully open and the artery regrew almost completely.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseGraft patency
Study
n: not reported in source
Vascular graft with DTβ4-loaded nanofibrous sheath
Outcome group
Vascular function · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Patency rate
100%
DTβ4-loaded sheath
Source sentences
Summary
The adult perivascular adipose is found as the dominant source of vascular progenitors which, when stimulated by the DTβ4-loaded nanofibrous sheath, enables 100% patency rates, near-complete structural as well as adequate functional regeneration of artery, and effectively ameliorates aging-induced defective regeneration.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, a recombinant human thymosin β4 dimer (DTβ4) that contains two complete Tβ4 molecules is produced.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3232842501
02AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In the aging body, the Tβ4 dimer sheath ameliorated defective arterial regeneration caused by aging.
In plain wordsIn animals, a graft sheath loaded with a doubled form of Tβ4 reduced the poor artery regrowth linked to aging.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseAging-induced defective regeneration
Study
n: not reported in source
Vascular graft with DTβ4-loaded nanofibrous sheath
Outcome group
Vascular function · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
effectively ameliorates aging-induced defective regeneration.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, a recombinant human thymosin β4 dimer (DTβ4) that contains two complete Tβ4 molecules is produced.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3232842502
03AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
The Tβ4 dimer recruited more endothelial and smooth muscle progenitor cells than Tβ4 when incorporated into the polycaprolactone sheath.
In plain wordsIn animals, the doubled Tβ4 form drew in more progenitor cells than ordinary Tβ4 did.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseRecruitment of endothelial and smooth muscle progenitors
Study
n: not reported in source
Vascular graft with DTβ4-loaded nanofibrous sheath
Comparator
Tβ4
Outcome group
Vascular function · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
As compared with Tβ4, DTβ4 exhibits durable regenerative activity including recruiting more progenitors for endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, when incorporated into the ultrathin polycaprolactone sheath.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, a recombinant human thymosin β4 dimer (DTβ4) that contains two complete Tβ4 molecules is produced.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3232842503
04AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
The Tβ4 dimer-loaded interface promoted smooth muscle cell differentiation.
In plain wordsIn animals, the graft sheath loaded with the doubled Tβ4 form promoted smooth muscle cell development.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseSmooth muscle cell differentiation
Study
n: not reported in source
Vascular graft with DTβ4-loaded nanofibrous sheath
Outcome group
Vascular function · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
Moreover, the DTβ4-loaded interface promotes smooth muscle cells differentiation, mainly through promoting M2 macrophage polarization and chemokines.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, a recombinant human thymosin β4 dimer (DTβ4) that contains two complete Tβ4 molecules is produced.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3232842504
05AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
The Tβ4 dimer-loaded interface promoted M2 macrophage polarization.
In plain wordsIn animals, the graft sheath loaded with the doubled Tβ4 form pushed immune cells toward the M2 repair type.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseM2 macrophage polarization
Study
n: not reported in source
Vascular graft with DTβ4-loaded nanofibrous sheath
Outcome group
Immune response · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
Moreover, the DTβ4-loaded interface promotes smooth muscle cells differentiation, mainly through promoting M2 macrophage polarization and chemokines.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, a recombinant human thymosin β4 dimer (DTβ4) that contains two complete Tβ4 molecules is produced.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3232842505
06AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
The Tβ4 dimer-loaded interface promoted chemokines.
In plain wordsIn animals, the graft sheath loaded with the doubled Tβ4 form increased chemokine signals.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseChemokine levels
Study
n: not reported in source
Vascular graft with DTβ4-loaded nanofibrous sheath
Outcome group
Immune response · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
Moreover, the DTβ4-loaded interface promotes smooth muscle cells differentiation, mainly through promoting M2 macrophage polarization and chemokines.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In this study, a recombinant human thymosin β4 dimer (DTβ4) that contains two complete Tβ4 molecules is produced.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3232842506

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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