Use of flash glucose-sensing technology in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with liraglutide combined with CSII: a pilot study.

Yao MY, Li LQ, Ma JX, Ma JX, Xue P, Li YK

Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas20 Dec 2019Cited by 7 (Europe PMC)

PMID31859911PMCIDPMC6915907DOI10.1590/1414-431x20198652PepBankPUB-31859911

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Summary

Glycemic variability (GV) may be linked to the development of diabetic complications by inducing inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction. Flash glucose monitoring (FGM) provides a novel method of continuously monitoring interstitial glucose levels for up to 14 days. This study randomly assigned poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with metformin and multiple daily injections of insulin (n=60) to either continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment or CSII in combination with liraglutide (CSII+Lira) treatment for 14 days during hospitalization. GV was assessed using a FGM system; weight and cardiometabolic biomarkers were also evaluated. The coefficient of variation was significantly reduced in the CSII+Lira group (P<0.001), while no significant change was observed in the CSII group. The changes differed significantly between the two groups in mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (P=0.004), standard deviation (P=0.006), and the percentage of time in the target range (4-10 mmol/L, P=0.005 and >10 mmol/L, P=0.028). The changes in mean of daily differences, interquartile range, and percentage of time in hypoglycemia (13.9 mmol/L) identified by FGM showed no difference. Treatment with liraglutide increased serum adiponectin [33.5 (3.5, 47.7) pg/mL, P=0.003] and heme oxygenase-1 levels [0.4 (-0.0, 1.8) ng/mL, P=0.001] and reduced serum leptin levels [-2.8 (3.9) pg/mL, P<0.001]. Adding the glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide improved GV, weight, and some cardiometabolic risk markers. The FGM system is, therefore, shown to be a novel and useful method for glucose monitoring.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study12

12 results from studies that gave the peptide. 12 results from people.

01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, the coefficient of variation of glucose fell significantly with CSII plus liraglutide, and did not change significantly with CSII alone.
In plain wordsIn adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, glucose variability fell with liraglutide added to an insulin pump, but not with the pump alone.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseCoefficient of variation of glucose
Study
n = 60
Comparator
CSII alone
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 14 daysAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The coefficient of variation was significantly reduced in the CSII+Lira group (P<0.001), while no significant change was observed in the CSII group.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study randomly assigned poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with metformin and multiple daily injections of insulin (n=60) to either continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment or CSII in combination with liraglutide (CSII+Lira) treatment for 14 days during hospitalization.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3185991101
02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, the change in mean amplitude of glycemic excursions differed significantly between CSII plus liraglutide and CSII alone.
In plain wordsIn adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, changes in blood sugar swings differed between liraglutide plus an insulin pump and the pump alone.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedMean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE)
Study
n = 60
Comparator
CSII alone
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 14 daysAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The changes differed significantly between the two groups in mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (P=0.004)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study randomly assigned poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with metformin and multiple daily injections of insulin (n=60) to either continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment or CSII in combination with liraglutide (CSII+Lira) treatment for 14 days during hospitalization.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3185991102
03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, the change in glucose standard deviation differed significantly between CSII plus liraglutide and CSII alone.
In plain wordsIn adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, changes in glucose spread differed between liraglutide plus an insulin pump and the pump alone.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedStandard deviation of glucose
Study
n = 60
Comparator
CSII alone
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 14 daysAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The changes differed significantly between the two groups in mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (P=0.004), standard deviation (P=0.006)
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study randomly assigned poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with metformin and multiple daily injections of insulin (n=60) to either continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment or CSII in combination with liraglutide (CSII+Lira) treatment for 14 days during hospitalization.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3185991103
04HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, the change in percentage of time in the 4-10 mmol/L range differed significantly between CSII plus liraglutide and CSII alone.
In plain wordsIn adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, time in target sugar range changed differently with added liraglutide than with the pump alone.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedPercentage of time in target range 4-10 mmol/L
Study
n = 60
Comparator
CSII alone
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 14 daysAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The changes differed significantly between the two groups in mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (P=0.004), standard deviation (P=0.006), and the percentage of time in the target range (4-10 mmol/L, P=0.005
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study randomly assigned poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with metformin and multiple daily injections of insulin (n=60) to either continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment or CSII in combination with liraglutide (CSII+Lira) treatment for 14 days during hospitalization.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3185991104
05HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, the change in percentage of time above 10 mmol/L differed significantly between CSII plus liraglutide and CSII alone.
In plain wordsIn adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, time with high sugar changed differently with liraglutide added to a pump than with the pump alone.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
Direction not reportedPercentage of time above 10 mmol/L
Study
n = 60
Comparator
CSII alone
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 14 daysAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The changes differed significantly between the two groups in mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (P=0.004), standard deviation (P=0.006), and the percentage of time in the target range (4-10 mmol/L, P=0.005 and >10 mmol/L, P=0.028).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study randomly assigned poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with metformin and multiple daily injections of insulin (n=60) to either continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment or CSII in combination with liraglutide (CSII+Lira) treatment for 14 days during hospitalization.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3185991105
06HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, the change in mean of daily differences showed no difference between CSII plus liraglutide and CSII alone.
In plain wordsIn adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, day-to-day glucose differences changed the same with added liraglutide as with the pump alone.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeMean of daily differences (MODD)
Study
n = 60
Comparator
CSII alone
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 14 daysAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The changes in mean of daily differences, interquartile range, and percentage of time in hypoglycemia (13.9 mmol/L) identified by FGM showed no difference.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study randomly assigned poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with metformin and multiple daily injections of insulin (n=60) to either continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment or CSII in combination with liraglutide (CSII+Lira) treatment for 14 days during hospitalization.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3185991106
07HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, the change in glucose interquartile range showed no difference between CSII plus liraglutide and CSII alone.
In plain wordsIn adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, the glucose interquartile range changed the same with added liraglutide as with the pump alone.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changeInterquartile range of glucose
Study
n = 60
Comparator
CSII alone
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 14 daysAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The changes in mean of daily differences, interquartile range, and percentage of time in hypoglycemia (13.9 mmol/L) identified by FGM showed no difference.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study randomly assigned poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with metformin and multiple daily injections of insulin (n=60) to either continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment or CSII in combination with liraglutide (CSII+Lira) treatment for 14 days during hospitalization.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3185991107
08HumanRandomized controlled trialSafety outcome
In adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, the change in percentage of time in hypoglycemia showed no difference between CSII plus liraglutide and CSII alone.
In plain wordsIn adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, time with low sugar changed the same with added liraglutide as with the pump alone.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changePercentage of time in hypoglycemia (<3.3 mmol/L)
Study
n = 60
Comparator
CSII alone
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 14 daysAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The changes in mean of daily differences, interquartile range, and percentage of time in hypoglycemia (13.9 mmol/L) identified by FGM showed no difference.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study randomly assigned poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with metformin and multiple daily injections of insulin (n=60) to either continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment or CSII in combination with liraglutide (CSII+Lira) treatment for 14 days during hospitalization.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3185991108
09HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, the change in percentage of time in hyperglycemia showed no difference between CSII plus liraglutide and CSII alone.
In plain wordsIn adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, time with very high sugar changed the same with added liraglutide as with the pump alone.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
No significant changePercentage of time in hyperglycemia (>13.9 mmol/L)
Study
n = 60
Comparator
CSII alone
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 14 daysAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The changes in mean of daily differences, interquartile range, and percentage of time in hypoglycemia (13.9 mmol/L) identified by FGM showed no difference.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study randomly assigned poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with metformin and multiple daily injections of insulin (n=60) to either continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment or CSII in combination with liraglutide (CSII+Lira) treatment for 14 days during hospitalization.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3185991109
10HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, treatment with liraglutide increased serum adiponectin.
In plain wordsIn adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, liraglutide raised blood levels of adiponectin, a hormone linked to metabolism.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseSerum adiponectin
Study
n = 60
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 14 daysAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Treatment with liraglutide increased serum adiponectin [33.5 (3.5, 47.7) pg/mL, P=0.003]
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study randomly assigned poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with metformin and multiple daily injections of insulin (n=60) to either continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment or CSII in combination with liraglutide (CSII+Lira) treatment for 14 days during hospitalization.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3185991110
11HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, treatment with liraglutide increased serum heme oxygenase-1.
In plain wordsIn adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, liraglutide raised blood levels of heme oxygenase-1, a protective enzyme.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
IncreaseSerum heme oxygenase-1
Study
n = 60
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 14 daysAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
heme oxygenase-1 levels [0.4 (-0.0, 1.8) ng/mL, P=0.001]
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study randomly assigned poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with metformin and multiple daily injections of insulin (n=60) to either continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment or CSII in combination with liraglutide (CSII+Lira) treatment for 14 days during hospitalization.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3185991111
12HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, treatment with liraglutide reduced serum leptin.
In plain wordsIn adults with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, liraglutide lowered blood levels of leptin, a hormone made by fat tissue.
Peptide
Liraglutide
Outcome
DecreaseSerum leptin
Study
n = 60
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 14 daysAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
reduced serum leptin levels [-2.8 (3.9) pg/mL, P<0.001].
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study randomly assigned poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients treated with metformin and multiple daily injections of insulin (n=60) to either continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) treatment or CSII in combination with liraglutide (CSII+Lira) treatment for 14 days during hospitalization.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-3185991112

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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