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Study · Other design · n = 13,844 · 2020

12 results

Microvascular and Cardiovascular Outcomes According to Renal Function in Patients Treated With Once-Weekly Exenatide: Insights From the EXSCEL Trial.

Bethel MA, Mentz RJ, Merrill P, Buse JB, Chan JC, Goodman SG, Iqbal N, Jakuboniene N, Katona B, Lokhnygina Y, Lopes RD, Maggioni AP and 5 more

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Ohman P, Tankova T, Bakris GL, Hernandez AF, Holman RR

Diabetes care22 Nov 2019Cited by 83 (Europe PMC)

PMID31757838 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC7411285 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.2337/dc19-1065 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-31757838
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study12

12 results from studies that gave the peptide. 12 results from people.

  1. 01HumanOther designEfficacy outcome

    In EXSCEL participants, exenatide did not significantly change eGFR compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn EXSCEL participants, exenatide did not significantly change kidney filtration compared with placebo.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeEstimated glomerular filtration rate
    Study

    n = 13,844

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    eGFR least squares mean difference
    0.21 mL/min/1.73 m2
    exenatide versus placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    EQW did not change eGFR significantly (LSMD 0.21 mL/min/1.73 m2 [95% CI -0.27 to 0.70]).
    4 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Least squares mean difference (LSMD) in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline between the EQW and placebo groups was calculated for 13,844 participants.
    Summary · context
    To evaluate the impact of once-weekly exenatide (EQW) on microvascular and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes by baseline renal function in the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL).
    Summary · context
    Cox regression models were used to estimate effects by group on incident macroalbuminuria, retinopathy, and major adverse CV events (MACE).
    Summary · context
    Interval-censored time-to-event models estimated effects on renal composite 1 (40% eGFR decline, renal replacement, or renal death) and renal composite 2 (composite 1 variables plus macroalbuminuria).
  2. 02HumanOther designEfficacy outcome

    In EXSCEL participants, macroalbuminuria rates did not differ significantly between exenatide and placebo.

    In plain wordsIn EXSCEL participants, rates of high urine albumin did not differ significantly between exenatide and placebo.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeIncident macroalbuminuria
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    Macroalbuminuria
    2.2%
    exenatide
    Macroalbuminuria
    2.5%
    placebo
    Hazard ratio
    0.87 ratio
    exenatide versus placebo

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Macroalbuminuria occurred in 2.2% of patients in the EQW group and in 2.5% of those in the placebo group (hazard ratio [HR] 0.87 [95% CI 0.70-1.07]).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To evaluate the impact of once-weekly exenatide (EQW) on microvascular and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes by baseline renal function in the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL).
    Summary · context
    Cox regression models were used to estimate effects by group on incident macroalbuminuria, retinopathy, and major adverse CV events (MACE).
    Summary · context
    Interval-censored time-to-event models estimated effects on renal composite 1 (40% eGFR decline, renal replacement, or renal death) and renal composite 2 (composite 1 variables plus macroalbuminuria).
  3. 03HumanOther designEfficacy outcome

    In EXSCEL participants, exenatide did not reduce the first renal composite versus placebo in unadjusted analyses.

    In plain wordsIn EXSCEL participants, exenatide did not reduce the first combined kidney outcome versus placebo before statistical adjustment.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeRenal composite one, unadjusted
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Neither renal composite was reduced with EQW in unadjusted analyses, but renal composite 2 was reduced after adjustment (HR 0.85 [95% CI 0.74-0.98]).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To evaluate the impact of once-weekly exenatide (EQW) on microvascular and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes by baseline renal function in the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL).
    Summary · context
    Cox regression models were used to estimate effects by group on incident macroalbuminuria, retinopathy, and major adverse CV events (MACE).
    Summary · context
    Interval-censored time-to-event models estimated effects on renal composite 1 (40% eGFR decline, renal replacement, or renal death) and renal composite 2 (composite 1 variables plus macroalbuminuria).
  4. 04HumanOther designEfficacy outcome

    In EXSCEL participants, exenatide did not reduce the second renal composite versus placebo in unadjusted analyses.

    In plain wordsIn EXSCEL participants, exenatide did not reduce the second combined kidney outcome versus placebo before statistical adjustment.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeRenal composite two, unadjusted
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Neither renal composite was reduced with EQW in unadjusted analyses, but renal composite 2 was reduced after adjustment (HR 0.85 [95% CI 0.74-0.98]).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To evaluate the impact of once-weekly exenatide (EQW) on microvascular and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes by baseline renal function in the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL).
    Summary · context
    Cox regression models were used to estimate effects by group on incident macroalbuminuria, retinopathy, and major adverse CV events (MACE).
    Summary · context
    Interval-censored time-to-event models estimated effects on renal composite 1 (40% eGFR decline, renal replacement, or renal death) and renal composite 2 (composite 1 variables plus macroalbuminuria).
  5. 05HumanOther designEfficacy outcome

    In EXSCEL participants, exenatide reduced the second renal composite versus placebo after adjustment.

    In plain wordsIn EXSCEL participants, exenatide reduced the second combined kidney outcome versus placebo after statistical adjustment.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseRenal composite two, adjusted
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    Hazard ratio
    0.85 ratio
    adjusted renal composite two

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Neither renal composite was reduced with EQW in unadjusted analyses, but renal composite 2 was reduced after adjustment (HR 0.85 [95% CI 0.74-0.98]).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To evaluate the impact of once-weekly exenatide (EQW) on microvascular and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes by baseline renal function in the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL).
    Summary · context
    Cox regression models were used to estimate effects by group on incident macroalbuminuria, retinopathy, and major adverse CV events (MACE).
    Summary · context
    Interval-censored time-to-event models estimated effects on renal composite 1 (40% eGFR decline, renal replacement, or renal death) and renal composite 2 (composite 1 variables plus macroalbuminuria).
  6. 06HumanOther designEfficacy outcome

    In EXSCEL participants, retinopathy rates did not differ between exenatide and placebo overall or by glycemic response or prior retinopathy.

    In plain wordsIn EXSCEL participants, eye disease rates did not differ between exenatide and placebo overall or in the reported subgroups.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeRetinopathy
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Vision and retina · Eye
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Retinopathy rates did not differ by treatment group or in the HbA1c-lowering or prior retinopathy subgroups.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To evaluate the impact of once-weekly exenatide (EQW) on microvascular and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes by baseline renal function in the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL).
    Summary · context
    Cox regression models were used to estimate effects by group on incident macroalbuminuria, retinopathy, and major adverse CV events (MACE).
    Summary · context
    Interval-censored time-to-event models estimated effects on renal composite 1 (40% eGFR decline, renal replacement, or renal death) and renal composite 2 (composite 1 variables plus macroalbuminuria).
  7. 07HumanOther designEfficacy outcome

    In EXSCEL participants with eGFR below 60, cardiovascular outcomes did not differ between exenatide and placebo.

    In plain wordsIn EXSCEL participants with eGFR below 60, cardiovascular outcomes did not differ between exenatide and placebo.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeCardiovascular outcomes with lower baseline eGFR
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    CV outcomes in those with eGFR 2 did not differ by group.
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To evaluate the impact of once-weekly exenatide (EQW) on microvascular and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes by baseline renal function in the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL).
    Summary · context
    Cox regression models were used to estimate effects by group on incident macroalbuminuria, retinopathy, and major adverse CV events (MACE).
    Summary · context
    Interval-censored time-to-event models estimated effects on renal composite 1 (40% eGFR decline, renal replacement, or renal death) and renal composite 2 (composite 1 variables plus macroalbuminuria).
  8. 08HumanOther designEfficacy outcome

    In EXSCEL participants with eGFR at least 60, exenatide nominally reduced MACE risk versus placebo.

    In plain wordsIn EXSCEL participants with eGFR at least 60, exenatide nominally reduced major cardiovascular events versus placebo.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseMACE with higher baseline eGFR
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Those with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 had nominal risk reductions for MACE, all-cause mortality, and CV death,
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To evaluate the impact of once-weekly exenatide (EQW) on microvascular and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes by baseline renal function in the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL).
    Summary · context
    Cox regression models were used to estimate effects by group on incident macroalbuminuria, retinopathy, and major adverse CV events (MACE).
    Summary · context
    Interval-censored time-to-event models estimated effects on renal composite 1 (40% eGFR decline, renal replacement, or renal death) and renal composite 2 (composite 1 variables plus macroalbuminuria).
  9. 09HumanOther designSafety outcome

    In EXSCEL participants with eGFR at least 60, exenatide nominally reduced all-cause mortality risk versus placebo.

    In plain wordsIn EXSCEL participants with eGFR at least 60, exenatide nominally reduced death risk versus placebo.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseAll-cause mortality with higher baseline eGFR
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Mortality · Whole body
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Those with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 had nominal risk reductions for MACE, all-cause mortality, and CV death,
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To evaluate the impact of once-weekly exenatide (EQW) on microvascular and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes by baseline renal function in the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL).
    Summary · context
    Cox regression models were used to estimate effects by group on incident macroalbuminuria, retinopathy, and major adverse CV events (MACE).
    Summary · context
    Interval-censored time-to-event models estimated effects on renal composite 1 (40% eGFR decline, renal replacement, or renal death) and renal composite 2 (composite 1 variables plus macroalbuminuria).
  10. 10HumanOther designSafety outcome

    In EXSCEL participants with eGFR at least 60, exenatide nominally reduced cardiovascular death risk versus placebo.

    In plain wordsIn EXSCEL participants with eGFR at least 60, exenatide nominally reduced cardiovascular death risk versus placebo.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseCardiovascular mortality with higher baseline eGFR
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Mortality · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Those with eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2 had nominal risk reductions for MACE, all-cause mortality, and CV death,
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To evaluate the impact of once-weekly exenatide (EQW) on microvascular and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes by baseline renal function in the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL).
    Summary · context
    Cox regression models were used to estimate effects by group on incident macroalbuminuria, retinopathy, and major adverse CV events (MACE).
    Summary · context
    Interval-censored time-to-event models estimated effects on renal composite 1 (40% eGFR decline, renal replacement, or renal death) and renal composite 2 (composite 1 variables plus macroalbuminuria).
  11. 11HumanOther designEfficacy outcome

    In EXSCEL participants, the exenatide versus placebo stroke effect differed significantly by baseline renal function.

    In plain wordsIn EXSCEL participants, the effect of exenatide versus placebo on stroke differed by baseline kidney function.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    MixedStroke interaction by baseline renal function
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Cardiovascular events · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    Interaction P value
    0.035 P
    stroke
    Hazard ratio
    0.74 ratio
    stroke

    Source sentences

    Summary
    but interactions by renal function group were significant for only stroke (HR 0.74 [95% CI 0.58-0.93]; P for interaction = 0.035)
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To evaluate the impact of once-weekly exenatide (EQW) on microvascular and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes by baseline renal function in the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL).
    Summary · context
    Cox regression models were used to estimate effects by group on incident macroalbuminuria, retinopathy, and major adverse CV events (MACE).
    Summary · context
    Interval-censored time-to-event models estimated effects on renal composite 1 (40% eGFR decline, renal replacement, or renal death) and renal composite 2 (composite 1 variables plus macroalbuminuria).
  12. 12HumanOther designEfficacy outcome

    In EXSCEL participants, the exenatide versus placebo cardiovascular death effect differed significantly by baseline renal function.

    In plain wordsIn EXSCEL participants, the effect of exenatide versus placebo on cardiovascular death differed by baseline kidney function.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    MixedCardiovascular death interaction by baseline renal function
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Mortality · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Measurements

    Interaction P value
    0.031 P
    cardiovascular death
    Hazard ratio
    1.08 ratio
    cardiovascular death

    Source sentences

    Summary
    but interactions by renal function group were significant for only stroke (HR 0.74 [95% CI 0.58-0.93]; P for interaction = 0.035) and CV death (HR 1.08 [95% CI 0.85-1.38]; P for interaction = 0.031).
    3 context sentences
    Summary · context
    To evaluate the impact of once-weekly exenatide (EQW) on microvascular and cardiovascular (CV) outcomes by baseline renal function in the Exenatide Study of Cardiovascular Event Lowering (EXSCEL).
    Summary · context
    Cox regression models were used to estimate effects by group on incident macroalbuminuria, retinopathy, and major adverse CV events (MACE).
    Summary · context
    Interval-censored time-to-event models estimated effects on renal composite 1 (40% eGFR decline, renal replacement, or renal death) and renal composite 2 (composite 1 variables plus macroalbuminuria).

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Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

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