Thymosin β4 prevents oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced injury in rat cortical neurons.

Zhang Z, Liu S, Huang S

Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment22 Aug 2019Cited by 5 (Europe PMC)

PMID31692484PMCIDPMC6710540DOI10.2147/ndt.s208600PepBankPUB-31692484

Read at source PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study8

2 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In rat cortical neurons, exogenous Tβ4 at 10 ng/mL blocked OGD/R-induced apoptosis.
In plain wordsIn rat nerve cells with oxygen and glucose deprivation, thymosin beta‑4 added to the culture blocked cell death.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseOGD/R-induced apoptosis (exogenous Tβ4)
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Primary rat cortical neurons with oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)
Comparator
OGD/R cells without Tβ4
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
10 ng/mL · added to neuronal culturesAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The protective effect of Tβ4 against OGD/R injury was also demonstrated in cells treated with exogenous Tβ4 (10 ng/mL), which blocked OGD/R-induced apoptosis by inhibiting ER stress-related and pro-apoptotic protein expression.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The effect of Tβ4 on OGD/R injury was evaluated by adding exogenous Tβ4 to neuronal cultures.
Summary · context
This study investigated whether thymosin (T) β4 protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury in rat cortical neurons, as well as the underlying mechanisms.
Report a problemFND-3169248407
02LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In rat cortical neurons, exogenous Tβ4 at 10 ng/mL inhibited the expression of ER stress-related and pro-apoptotic proteins.
In plain wordsIn rat nerve cells with oxygen and glucose deprivation, thymosin beta‑4 added to the culture lowered stress and cell-death proteins.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseER stress-related and pro-apoptotic protein expression (exogenous Tβ4)
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Primary rat cortical neurons with oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)
Comparator
OGD/R cells without Tβ4
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Studied dose
10 ng/mL · added to neuronal culturesAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
The protective effect of Tβ4 against OGD/R injury was also demonstrated in cells treated with exogenous Tβ4 (10 ng/mL), which blocked OGD/R-induced apoptosis by inhibiting ER stress-related and pro-apoptotic protein expression.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The effect of Tβ4 on OGD/R injury was evaluated by adding exogenous Tβ4 to neuronal cultures.
Summary · context
This study investigated whether thymosin (T) β4 protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury in rat cortical neurons, as well as the underlying mechanisms.
Report a problemFND-3169248408

Studies that did not test the peptide alone6

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

03LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In rat cortical neurons with OGD/R injury, Tβ4 overexpression reversed the increased rate of apoptosis.
In plain wordsIn rat nerve cells starved of oxygen and sugar, raising Tβ4 gene activity reversed the rise in cell death.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseApoptosis rate (Tβ4 overexpression)
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Primary rat cortical neurons with oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)
Comparator
OGD/R cells without Tβ4
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
In OGD/R cells, the rate of apoptosis was increased and GRP78, CHOP, and Bax were upregulated whereas Bcl-2 was downregulated relative to the control group. These effects were reversed by Tβ4 overexpression.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study investigated whether thymosin (T) β4 protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury in rat cortical neurons, as well as the underlying mechanisms.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-3169248401
04LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In rat cortical neurons with OGD/R injury, Tβ4 overexpression reversed the upregulation of GRP78.
In plain wordsIn rat nerve cells starved of oxygen and sugar, raising Tβ4 gene activity reversed the rise in the stress protein GRP78.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseGRP78 expression (Tβ4 overexpression)
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Primary rat cortical neurons with oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)
Comparator
OGD/R cells without Tβ4
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
In OGD/R cells, the rate of apoptosis was increased and GRP78, CHOP, and Bax were upregulated whereas Bcl-2 was downregulated relative to the control group. These effects were reversed by Tβ4 overexpression.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study investigated whether thymosin (T) β4 protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury in rat cortical neurons, as well as the underlying mechanisms.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-3169248402
05LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In rat cortical neurons with OGD/R injury, Tβ4 overexpression reversed the upregulation of CHOP.
In plain wordsIn rat nerve cells starved of oxygen and sugar, raising Tβ4 gene activity reversed the rise in the stress protein CHOP.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseCHOP expression (Tβ4 overexpression)
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Primary rat cortical neurons with oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)
Comparator
OGD/R cells without Tβ4
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
In OGD/R cells, the rate of apoptosis was increased and GRP78, CHOP, and Bax were upregulated whereas Bcl-2 was downregulated relative to the control group. These effects were reversed by Tβ4 overexpression.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study investigated whether thymosin (T) β4 protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury in rat cortical neurons, as well as the underlying mechanisms.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-3169248403
06LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In rat cortical neurons with OGD/R injury, Tβ4 overexpression reversed the upregulation of Bax.
In plain wordsIn rat nerve cells starved of oxygen and sugar, raising Tβ4 gene activity reversed the rise in the cell-death protein Bax.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseBax expression (Tβ4 overexpression)
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Primary rat cortical neurons with oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)
Comparator
OGD/R cells without Tβ4
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
In OGD/R cells, the rate of apoptosis was increased and GRP78, CHOP, and Bax were upregulated whereas Bcl-2 was downregulated relative to the control group. These effects were reversed by Tβ4 overexpression.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study investigated whether thymosin (T) β4 protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury in rat cortical neurons, as well as the underlying mechanisms.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-3169248404
07LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In rat cortical neurons with OGD/R injury, Tβ4 overexpression reversed the downregulation of Bcl-2.
In plain wordsIn rat nerve cells starved of oxygen and sugar, raising Tβ4 gene activity reversed the fall in the protective protein Bcl-2.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseBcl-2 expression (Tβ4 overexpression)
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Primary rat cortical neurons with oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)
Comparator
OGD/R cells without Tβ4
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
In OGD/R cells, the rate of apoptosis was increased and GRP78, CHOP, and Bax were upregulated whereas Bcl-2 was downregulated relative to the control group. These effects were reversed by Tβ4 overexpression.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study investigated whether thymosin (T) β4 protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury in rat cortical neurons, as well as the underlying mechanisms.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-3169248405
08LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In rat cortical neurons, endoplasmic reticulum stress seen in the OGD/R group was abolished in neurons overexpressing Tβ4.
In plain wordsIn rat nerve cells starved of oxygen and sugar, raising Tβ4 gene activity removed the stress in the cell's protein-making compartment.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseEndoplasmic reticulum stress (Tβ4 overexpression)
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Primary rat cortical neurons with oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R)
Comparator
OGD/R cells without Tβ4
Outcome group
Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
Source sentences
Summary
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was observed in the OGD/R group, but this was abolished in neurons overexpressing Tβ4.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This study investigated whether thymosin (T) β4 protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) injury in rat cortical neurons, as well as the underlying mechanisms.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-3169248406

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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Keywords

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