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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2019

16 results

Exendin-4 attenuates brain mitochondrial toxicity through PI3K/Akt-dependent pathway in amyloid beta (1-42)-induced cognitive deficit rats.

Garabadu D, Verma J

Neurochemistry international17 Apr 2019Cited by 61 (Europe PMC)

PMID31004737 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/j.neuint.2019.04.006 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-31004737
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study16

15 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In amyloid-beta-treated rats, Exendin‑4 attenuated memory deficits in the Morris water maze.

    In plain wordsIn rats, Exendin‑4 reduced amyloid-beta-induced memory deficits in the Morris water maze.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseMorris water maze memory
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    male rats with intracerebroventricular amyloid beta
    Comparator
    amyloid-beta-induced impairment
    Outcome group
    Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 μg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exendin-4 significantly attenuated Aβ-induced memory-deficits in the Morris water maze and Y-maze test protocols.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Therefore, the mitochondria protective activity of Exendin-4 (5 μg/kg, i.p.) was investigated in hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) of AD-like animals.
    Summary · context
    The amyloid beta (Aβ) was injected through bilateral intracerebroventricular route into lateral ventricles to induce AD-like manifestations in the male rats.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In amyloid-beta-treated rats, Exendin‑4 attenuated memory deficits in the Y-maze.

    In plain wordsIn rats, Exendin‑4 reduced amyloid-beta-induced memory deficits in the Y-maze.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseY-maze memory
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    male rats with intracerebroventricular amyloid beta
    Comparator
    amyloid-beta-induced impairment
    Outcome group
    Cognition and memory · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 μg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exendin-4 significantly attenuated Aβ-induced memory-deficits in the Morris water maze and Y-maze test protocols.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Therefore, the mitochondria protective activity of Exendin-4 (5 μg/kg, i.p.) was investigated in hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) of AD-like animals.
    Summary · context
    The amyloid beta (Aβ) was injected through bilateral intracerebroventricular route into lateral ventricles to induce AD-like manifestations in the male rats.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, Exendin‑4 attenuated amyloid-beta-induced increases in brain amyloid beta in hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.

    In plain wordsIn rats, Exendin‑4 reduced amyloid-beta-induced increases in brain amyloid beta.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseBrain amyloid beta
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    male rats with intracerebroventricular amyloid beta
    Comparator
    amyloid-beta-induced impairment
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 μg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exendin-4 significantly decreased Aβ-induced increase in the level of Aβ in both brain regions.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Therefore, the mitochondria protective activity of Exendin-4 (5 μg/kg, i.p.) was investigated in hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) of AD-like animals.
    Summary · context
    The amyloid beta (Aβ) was injected through bilateral intracerebroventricular route into lateral ventricles to induce AD-like manifestations in the male rats.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, Exendin‑4 increased acetylcholine levels reduced by amyloid beta in both brain regions.

    In plain wordsIn rats, Exendin‑4 increased acetylcholine levels reduced by amyloid beta.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseAcetylcholine
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    male rats with intracerebroventricular amyloid beta
    Comparator
    amyloid-beta-induced impairment
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 μg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exendin-4 significantly increased Aβ-induced decrease in acetylcholine level and activity of cholineacetyl transferase in all brain regions.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Therefore, the mitochondria protective activity of Exendin-4 (5 μg/kg, i.p.) was investigated in hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) of AD-like animals.
    Summary · context
    The amyloid beta (Aβ) was injected through bilateral intracerebroventricular route into lateral ventricles to induce AD-like manifestations in the male rats.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, Exendin‑4 increased choline acetyltransferase activity reduced by amyloid beta in both brain regions.

    In plain wordsIn rats, Exendin‑4 increased choline acetyltransferase activity reduced by amyloid beta.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseCholine acetyltransferase activity
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    male rats with intracerebroventricular amyloid beta
    Comparator
    amyloid-beta-induced impairment
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 μg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exendin-4 significantly increased Aβ-induced decrease in acetylcholine level and activity of cholineacetyl transferase in all brain regions.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Therefore, the mitochondria protective activity of Exendin-4 (5 μg/kg, i.p.) was investigated in hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) of AD-like animals.
    Summary · context
    The amyloid beta (Aβ) was injected through bilateral intracerebroventricular route into lateral ventricles to induce AD-like manifestations in the male rats.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, Exendin‑4 attenuated amyloid-beta-induced increases in acetylcholinesterase activity in both brain regions.

    In plain wordsIn rats, Exendin‑4 reduced amyloid-beta-induced increases in acetylcholinesterase activity.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseAcetylcholinesterase activity
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    male rats with intracerebroventricular amyloid beta
    Comparator
    amyloid-beta-induced impairment
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 μg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Moreover, Exendin-4 significantly decreased Aβ-induced increase in the activity of acetylcholinestrase in both the brain regions.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Therefore, the mitochondria protective activity of Exendin-4 (5 μg/kg, i.p.) was investigated in hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) of AD-like animals.
    Summary · context
    The amyloid beta (Aβ) was injected through bilateral intracerebroventricular route into lateral ventricles to induce AD-like manifestations in the male rats.
  7. 07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, Exendin‑4 increased mitochondrial function reduced by amyloid beta in both brain regions.

    In plain wordsIn rats, Exendin‑4 improved mitochondrial function impaired by amyloid beta.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseMitochondrial function
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    male rats with intracerebroventricular amyloid beta
    Comparator
    amyloid-beta-induced impairment
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 μg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    E4 significantly increased Aβ-induced decrease in mitochondrial function, integrity, respiratory control rate and ADP/O in all brain regions.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Therefore, the mitochondria protective activity of Exendin-4 (5 μg/kg, i.p.) was investigated in hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) of AD-like animals.
    Summary · context
    The amyloid beta (Aβ) was injected through bilateral intracerebroventricular route into lateral ventricles to induce AD-like manifestations in the male rats.
  8. 08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, Exendin‑4 increased mitochondrial integrity reduced by amyloid beta in both brain regions.

    In plain wordsIn rats, Exendin‑4 improved mitochondrial integrity impaired by amyloid beta.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseMitochondrial integrity
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    male rats with intracerebroventricular amyloid beta
    Comparator
    amyloid-beta-induced impairment
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 μg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    E4 significantly increased Aβ-induced decrease in mitochondrial function, integrity, respiratory control rate and ADP/O in all brain regions.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Therefore, the mitochondria protective activity of Exendin-4 (5 μg/kg, i.p.) was investigated in hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) of AD-like animals.
    Summary · context
    The amyloid beta (Aβ) was injected through bilateral intracerebroventricular route into lateral ventricles to induce AD-like manifestations in the male rats.
  9. 09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, Exendin‑4 increased respiratory control rate reduced by amyloid beta in both brain regions.

    In plain wordsIn rats, Exendin‑4 increased mitochondrial respiratory control rate reduced by amyloid beta.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseRespiratory control rate
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    male rats with intracerebroventricular amyloid beta
    Comparator
    amyloid-beta-induced impairment
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 μg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    E4 significantly increased Aβ-induced decrease in mitochondrial function, integrity, respiratory control rate and ADP/O in all brain regions.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Therefore, the mitochondria protective activity of Exendin-4 (5 μg/kg, i.p.) was investigated in hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) of AD-like animals.
    Summary · context
    The amyloid beta (Aβ) was injected through bilateral intracerebroventricular route into lateral ventricles to induce AD-like manifestations in the male rats.
  10. 10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, Exendin‑4 increased ADP/O reduced by amyloid beta in both brain regions.

    In plain wordsIn rats, Exendin‑4 increased the mitochondrial ADP/O measure reduced by amyloid beta.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseADP/O
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    male rats with intracerebroventricular amyloid beta
    Comparator
    amyloid-beta-induced impairment
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 μg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    E4 significantly increased Aβ-induced decrease in mitochondrial function, integrity, respiratory control rate and ADP/O in all brain regions.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Therefore, the mitochondria protective activity of Exendin-4 (5 μg/kg, i.p.) was investigated in hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) of AD-like animals.
    Summary · context
    The amyloid beta (Aβ) was injected through bilateral intracerebroventricular route into lateral ventricles to induce AD-like manifestations in the male rats.
  11. 11AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, Exendin‑4 attenuated amyloid-beta-induced increases in mitochondrial complex I activity in both brain regions.

    In plain wordsIn rats, Exendin‑4 reduced amyloid-beta-induced increases in mitochondrial complex I activity.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseMitochondrial complex I activity
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    male rats with intracerebroventricular amyloid beta
    Comparator
    amyloid-beta-induced impairment
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 μg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Further, Exendin-4 significantly decreased Aβ-induced increase in the mitochondrial complex enzyme-I, IV and V activities in all brain regions.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Therefore, the mitochondria protective activity of Exendin-4 (5 μg/kg, i.p.) was investigated in hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) of AD-like animals.
    Summary · context
    The amyloid beta (Aβ) was injected through bilateral intracerebroventricular route into lateral ventricles to induce AD-like manifestations in the male rats.
  12. 12AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, Exendin‑4 attenuated amyloid-beta-induced increases in mitochondrial complex IV activity in both brain regions.

    In plain wordsIn rats, Exendin‑4 reduced amyloid-beta-induced increases in mitochondrial complex IV activity.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseMitochondrial complex IV activity
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    male rats with intracerebroventricular amyloid beta
    Comparator
    amyloid-beta-induced impairment
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 μg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Further, Exendin-4 significantly decreased Aβ-induced increase in the mitochondrial complex enzyme-I, IV and V activities in all brain regions.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Therefore, the mitochondria protective activity of Exendin-4 (5 μg/kg, i.p.) was investigated in hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) of AD-like animals.
    Summary · context
    The amyloid beta (Aβ) was injected through bilateral intracerebroventricular route into lateral ventricles to induce AD-like manifestations in the male rats.
  13. 13AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, Exendin‑4 attenuated amyloid-beta-induced increases in mitochondrial complex V activity in both brain regions.

    In plain wordsIn rats, Exendin‑4 reduced amyloid-beta-induced increases in mitochondrial complex V activity.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseMitochondrial complex V activity
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    male rats with intracerebroventricular amyloid beta
    Comparator
    amyloid-beta-induced impairment
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 μg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Further, Exendin-4 significantly decreased Aβ-induced increase in the mitochondrial complex enzyme-I, IV and V activities in all brain regions.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Therefore, the mitochondria protective activity of Exendin-4 (5 μg/kg, i.p.) was investigated in hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) of AD-like animals.
    Summary · context
    The amyloid beta (Aβ) was injected through bilateral intracerebroventricular route into lateral ventricles to induce AD-like manifestations in the male rats.
  14. 14AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, Exendin‑4 increased phosphorylated Akt levels reduced by amyloid beta in both brain regions.

    In plain wordsIn rats, Exendin‑4 increased phosphorylated Akt levels reduced by amyloid beta.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreasePhosphorylated Akt
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    male rats with intracerebroventricular amyloid beta
    Comparator
    amyloid-beta-induced impairment
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 μg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, Exendin-4 significantly increased Aβ-induced decrease in the level of phosphorylated Akt and the ratio of phosphorylated Akt to Akt in both brain regions.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Therefore, the mitochondria protective activity of Exendin-4 (5 μg/kg, i.p.) was investigated in hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) of AD-like animals.
    Summary · context
    The amyloid beta (Aβ) was injected through bilateral intracerebroventricular route into lateral ventricles to induce AD-like manifestations in the male rats.
  15. 15AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In rats, Exendin‑4 increased the phosphorylated Akt/Akt ratio reduced by amyloid beta in both brain regions.

    In plain wordsIn rats, Exendin‑4 increased the phosphorylated Akt/Akt ratio reduced by amyloid beta.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreasePhosphorylated Akt/Akt ratio
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    male rats with intracerebroventricular amyloid beta
    Comparator
    amyloid-beta-induced impairment
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 μg/kg · intraperitonealAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, Exendin-4 significantly increased Aβ-induced decrease in the level of phosphorylated Akt and the ratio of phosphorylated Akt to Akt in both brain regions.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Therefore, the mitochondria protective activity of Exendin-4 (5 μg/kg, i.p.) was investigated in hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) of AD-like animals.
    Summary · context
    The amyloid beta (Aβ) was injected through bilateral intracerebroventricular route into lateral ventricles to induce AD-like manifestations in the male rats.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone1

In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  1. 16AnimalNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In AD-like rats, LY294002 diminished Exendin‑4 effects on behavioral, biochemical and molecular observations.

    In plain wordsIn rats, LY294002 reduced Exendin‑4 effects compared with Exendin‑4 without the inhibitor.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseLY294002 inhibition of therapeutic effects
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    male rats with intracerebroventricular amyloid beta
    Comparator
    Exendin-4 without LY294002
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, LY294002 diminished the therapeutic effects of Exendin-4 on behavioral, biochemical and molecular observations in AD-like animals.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Therefore, the mitochondria protective activity of Exendin-4 (5 μg/kg, i.p.) was investigated in hippocampus and pre-frontal cortex (PFC) of AD-like animals.
    Summary · context
    The amyloid beta (Aβ) was injected through bilateral intracerebroventricular route into lateral ventricles to induce AD-like manifestations in the male rats.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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