Synthesis of CSK-DEX-PLGA Nanoparticles for the Oral Delivery of Exenatide to Improve Its Mucus Penetration and Intestinal Absorption.

Song Y, Shi Y, Zhang L, Hu H, Zhang C, Yin M, Chu L, Yan X, Zhao M, Zhang X, Mu H, Sun K

Molecular pharmaceutics14 Jan 2019Cited by 58 (Europe PMC)

PMID30601014DOI10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00809PepBankPUB-30601014

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study8

2 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In diabetic rats, oral CSK-DEX-PLGA exenatide nanoparticles produced a prolonged hypoglycemic response.
In plain wordsIn rats with diabetes, oral exenatide nanoparticles produced a prolonged reduction in blood glucose.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseProlonged hypoglycemic response
Study
ratn: not reported in source
diabetic rats
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
CDPs exhibited a prolonged hypoglycemic response with a relative bioavailability of 9.2% in diabetic rats after oral administration.
Report a problemFND-3060101407
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
In diabetic rats, oral CSK-DEX-PLGA exenatide nanoparticles had relative bioavailability of 9.2%.
In plain wordsIn rats with diabetes, oral exenatide nanoparticles had 9.2% relative bioavailability.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Not applicableRelative bioavailability
Study
ratn: not reported in source
diabetic rats
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Studied dose
Dose not stated · oralAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
CDPs exhibited a prolonged hypoglycemic response with a relative bioavailability of 9.2% in diabetic rats after oral administration.
Report a problemFND-3060101408

Studies that did not test the peptide alone6

In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

03LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneEx vivo tissueActivity measurement
In intestinal-ring tests, CSK modification increased nanoparticle absorption efficiency in the small intestine.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, CSK modification increased small-intestinal nanoparticle absorption.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseIntestinal absorption efficiency
Study
n: not reported in source
intestinal rings
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Moreover, the CSK modification of DEX-PLGA was found to significantly promote the absorption efficiency of NPs in the small intestine based on in vitro ligation of the intestinal rings and an examination of different intestinal absorption sites.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-3060101403
04LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneEx vivo tissueActivity measurement
In intestinal villi, CSK-DEX-PLGA exenatide nanoparticles had greater absorption than DEX-PLGA nanoparticles.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, CSK-modified exenatide nanoparticles had greater villus absorption than unmodified nanoparticles.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseVillus absorption
Study
n: not reported in source
intestinal villi
Comparator
DEX-PLGA nanoparticles
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Compared to DEX-PLGA-NPs (DPs), the absorption of CSK-DEX-PLGA-NPs (CDPs) was increased in the villi, allowing the drug to act on gobletlike Caco-2 cells through clathrin-, caveolin-, and gap-mediated endocytosis.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-3060101404
05LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn vitro (cells)Activity measurement
In lab tests, CSK-DEX-PLGA exenatide nanoparticles targeted intestinal epithelial cells.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, exenatide nanoparticles targeted intestinal epithelial cells.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseIntestinal epithelial targeting
Study
n: not reported in source
intestinal epithelial cells
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
The functionalized exenatide-loaded NPs composed of CSK-DEX-PLGA were able to target intestinal epithelial cells and reduce the mucus-blocking effect of the intestine.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-3060101401
06LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn vitro (cells)Activity measurement
In lab tests, CSK-DEX-PLGA exenatide nanoparticles reduced intestinal mucus blocking.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, exenatide nanoparticles reduced intestinal mucus blocking.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseMucus blocking
Study
n: not reported in source
intestinal epithelial cells
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
The functionalized exenatide-loaded NPs composed of CSK-DEX-PLGA were able to target intestinal epithelial cells and reduce the mucus-blocking effect of the intestine.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-3060101402
07LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In Caco-2 cells, CSK-DEX-PLGA nanoparticles used clathrin-, caveolin-, and gap-mediated endocytosis.
In plain wordsIn cells, CSK-modified exenatide nanoparticles used several endocytosis routes.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Not applicableEndocytosis routes
Study
n: not reported in source
Caco-2 cells
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Compared to DEX-PLGA-NPs (DPs), the absorption of CSK-DEX-PLGA-NPs (CDPs) was increased in the villi, allowing the drug to act on gobletlike Caco-2 cells through clathrin-, caveolin-, and gap-mediated endocytosis.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-3060101405
08LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn vitro (cells)Activity measurement
In Caco-2/HT-29-MTX coculture, CSK-DEX-PLGA exenatide nanoparticles showed enhanced transport.
In plain wordsIn cells, CSK-modified exenatide nanoparticles showed enhanced transport.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseTransport ability
Study
n: not reported in source
Caco-2/HT-29-MTX coculture
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Furthermore, the enhanced transport ability of CDPs was observed in a study on Caco-2/HT-29-MTX cocultured cells.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-3060101406

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

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