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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2019

14 results

miR-146a mediates thymosin β4 induced neurovascular remodeling of diabetic peripheral neuropathy in type-II diabetic mice.

Wang L, Chopp M, Lu X, Szalad A, Jia L, Liu XS, Wu KH, Lu M, Zhang ZG

Brain research27 Nov 2018Cited by 11 (Europe PMC)

PMID30500399 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC6372311 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/j.brainres.2018.11.039 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-30500399
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study14

12 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In type II diabetic db/db mice, Tβ4 treatment significantly raised miR-146a levels compared with saline-treated diabetic mice.

    In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, thymosin beta‑4 raised miR-146a levels compared with saline treatment.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreasemiR-146a level in sciatic nerve
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    type II diabetic db/db mice
    Comparator
    db/db mice treated with saline
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 8 consecutive weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Treatment of diabetic mice with Tβ4 significantly elevated miR-146a levels and overcame the effect of diabetes on these proteins.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J (db/db) mice at age 20 weeks were treated with Tβ4 for 8 consecutive weeks, and db/db mice treated with saline were used as a control group.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In type II diabetic db/db mice, Tβ4 treatment overcame the diabetes-induced increase in IRAK1.

    In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, thymosin beta‑4 reversed the diabetes-related rise in IRAK1, compared with saline treatment.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseIRAK1 level
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    type II diabetic db/db mice
    Comparator
    db/db mice treated with saline
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 8 consecutive weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Treatment of diabetic mice with Tβ4 significantly elevated miR-146a levels and overcame the effect of diabetes on these proteins.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Compared to non-diabetic mice, diabetic mice exhibited substantially reduced miR-146a expression, and increased IL-1R-associated kinase-1 (IRAK1), tumor necrosis factor (TNFR)-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) levels and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB) activity in sciatic nerve tissues.
    Summary · context
    Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J (db/db) mice at age 20 weeks were treated with Tβ4 for 8 consecutive weeks, and db/db mice treated with saline were used as a control group.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In type II diabetic db/db mice, Tβ4 treatment overcame the diabetes-induced increase in TRAF6.

    In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, thymosin beta‑4 reversed the diabetes-related rise in TRAF6, compared with saline treatment.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseTRAF6 level
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    type II diabetic db/db mice
    Comparator
    db/db mice treated with saline
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 8 consecutive weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Treatment of diabetic mice with Tβ4 significantly elevated miR-146a levels and overcame the effect of diabetes on these proteins.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Compared to non-diabetic mice, diabetic mice exhibited substantially reduced miR-146a expression, and increased IL-1R-associated kinase-1 (IRAK1), tumor necrosis factor (TNFR)-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) levels and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB) activity in sciatic nerve tissues.
    Summary · context
    Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J (db/db) mice at age 20 weeks were treated with Tβ4 for 8 consecutive weeks, and db/db mice treated with saline were used as a control group.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In type II diabetic db/db mice, Tβ4 treatment overcame the diabetes-induced increase in NFkB activity.

    In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, thymosin beta‑4 reversed the diabetes-related rise in NFkB activity, compared with saline treatment.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseNFkB activity
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    type II diabetic db/db mice
    Comparator
    db/db mice treated with saline
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 8 consecutive weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Treatment of diabetic mice with Tβ4 significantly elevated miR-146a levels and overcame the effect of diabetes on these proteins.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Compared to non-diabetic mice, diabetic mice exhibited substantially reduced miR-146a expression, and increased IL-1R-associated kinase-1 (IRAK1), tumor necrosis factor (TNFR)-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) levels and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB) activity in sciatic nerve tissues.
    Summary · context
    Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J (db/db) mice at age 20 weeks were treated with Tβ4 for 8 consecutive weeks, and db/db mice treated with saline were used as a control group.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In type II diabetic db/db mice, Tβ4 treatment substantially improved motor conduction velocity of the sciatic nerve.

    In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, thymosin beta‑4 improved motor nerve conduction speed compared with saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseMotor nerve conduction velocity
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    type II diabetic db/db mice
    Comparator
    db/db mice treated with saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 8 consecutive weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tβ4 treatment substantially improved motor and sensory conduction velocity of the sciatic nerve, which was associated with improvements in sensory function.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J (db/db) mice at age 20 weeks were treated with Tβ4 for 8 consecutive weeks, and db/db mice treated with saline were used as a control group.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In type II diabetic db/db mice, Tβ4 treatment substantially improved sensory conduction velocity of the sciatic nerve.

    In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, thymosin beta‑4 improved sensory nerve conduction speed compared with saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseSensory nerve conduction velocity
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    type II diabetic db/db mice
    Comparator
    db/db mice treated with saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 8 consecutive weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tβ4 treatment substantially improved motor and sensory conduction velocity of the sciatic nerve, which was associated with improvements in sensory function.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J (db/db) mice at age 20 weeks were treated with Tβ4 for 8 consecutive weeks, and db/db mice treated with saline were used as a control group.
  7. 07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In type II diabetic db/db mice, Tβ4 treatment was associated with improvements in sensory function.

    In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, thymosin beta‑4 was linked to better sensory function compared with saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseSensory function
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    type II diabetic db/db mice
    Comparator
    db/db mice treated with saline
    Outcome group
    Pain · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 8 consecutive weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tβ4 treatment substantially improved motor and sensory conduction velocity of the sciatic nerve, which was associated with improvements in sensory function.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J (db/db) mice at age 20 weeks were treated with Tβ4 for 8 consecutive weeks, and db/db mice treated with saline were used as a control group.
  8. 08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In type II diabetic db/db mice, Tβ4 treatment significantly increased intraepidermal nerve fiber density.

    In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, thymosin beta‑4 increased skin nerve fiber density compared with saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseIntraepidermal nerve fiber density
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    type II diabetic db/db mice
    Comparator
    db/db mice treated with saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 8 consecutive weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tβ4 treatment significantly increased intraepidermal nerve fiber density and augmented local blood flow and the density of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran perfused vessels in the sciatic nerve tissue.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J (db/db) mice at age 20 weeks were treated with Tβ4 for 8 consecutive weeks, and db/db mice treated with saline were used as a control group.
  9. 09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In type II diabetic db/db mice, Tβ4 treatment augmented local blood flow in the sciatic nerve tissue.

    In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, thymosin beta‑4 increased blood flow in nerve tissue compared with saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseLocal blood flow in sciatic nerve tissue
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    type II diabetic db/db mice
    Comparator
    db/db mice treated with saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 8 consecutive weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tβ4 treatment significantly increased intraepidermal nerve fiber density and augmented local blood flow and the density of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran perfused vessels in the sciatic nerve tissue.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J (db/db) mice at age 20 weeks were treated with Tβ4 for 8 consecutive weeks, and db/db mice treated with saline were used as a control group.
  10. 10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In type II diabetic db/db mice, Tβ4 treatment augmented the density of FITC-dextran perfused vessels in the sciatic nerve tissue.

    In plain wordsIn diabetic mice, thymosin beta‑4 increased the number of perfused blood vessels in nerve tissue compared with saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseDensity of FITC-dextran perfused vessels in sciatic nerve
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    type II diabetic db/db mice
    Comparator
    db/db mice treated with saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 8 consecutive weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Tβ4 treatment significantly increased intraepidermal nerve fiber density and augmented local blood flow and the density of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran perfused vessels in the sciatic nerve tissue.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J (db/db) mice at age 20 weeks were treated with Tβ4 for 8 consecutive weeks, and db/db mice treated with saline were used as a control group.
  11. 11LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome

    In cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons, Tβ4 significantly increased axonal outgrowth.

    In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin beta‑4 increased nerve fiber outgrowth from dorsal root ganglion neurons.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseAxonal outgrowth of DRG neurons
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In vitro, treatment of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and mouse dermal endothelial cells (MDEs) with Tβ4 significantly increased axonal outgrowth and capillary-like tube formation, whereas blocking miR-146a attenuated Tβ4-induced axonal outgrowth and capillary tube formation, respectively.
  12. 12LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome

    In mouse dermal endothelial cells, Tβ4 significantly increased capillary-like tube formation.

    In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin beta‑4 increased the formation of tube-like capillary structures in mouse skin blood vessel cells.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseCapillary-like tube formation by MDEs
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    mouse dermal endothelial cells (MDEs)
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In vitro, treatment of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and mouse dermal endothelial cells (MDEs) with Tβ4 significantly increased axonal outgrowth and capillary-like tube formation, whereas blocking miR-146a attenuated Tβ4-induced axonal outgrowth and capillary tube formation, respectively.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone2

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  1. 13LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In cultured dorsal root ganglion neurons, blocking miR-146a attenuated Tβ4-induced axonal outgrowth.

    In plain wordsIn cells, blocking miR-146a reduced the nerve fiber outgrowth that thymosin beta‑4 caused.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseTβ4-induced axonal outgrowth with miR-146a blocked
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons
    Comparator
    Tβ4 without miR-146a blocking
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In vitro, treatment of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and mouse dermal endothelial cells (MDEs) with Tβ4 significantly increased axonal outgrowth and capillary-like tube formation, whereas blocking miR-146a attenuated Tβ4-induced axonal outgrowth and capillary tube formation, respectively.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  2. 14LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In mouse dermal endothelial cells, blocking miR-146a attenuated Tβ4-induced capillary-like tube formation.

    In plain wordsIn cells, blocking miR-146a reduced the tube-like capillary structures that thymosin beta‑4 caused.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseTβ4-induced capillary tube formation with miR-146a blocked
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    mouse dermal endothelial cells (MDEs)
    Comparator
    Tβ4 without miR-146a blocking
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In vitro, treatment of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and mouse dermal endothelial cells (MDEs) with Tβ4 significantly increased axonal outgrowth and capillary-like tube formation, whereas blocking miR-146a attenuated Tβ4-induced axonal outgrowth and capillary tube formation, respectively.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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