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Study · Systematic review · 2019

4 results

Efficacy of DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 analogues, and SGLT2 inhibitors as add-ons to metformin monotherapy in T2DM patients: a model-based meta-analysis.

Inoue H, Tamaki Y, Kashihara Y, Muraki S, Kakara M, Hirota T, Ieiri I

British journal of clinical pharmacology6 Dec 2018Cited by 29 (Europe PMC)

PMID30394576 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC6339993 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1111/bcp.13807 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-30394576
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study4

2 results from studies that gave the peptide. 2 results from people.

  1. 01HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin, model-based meta-analysis estimated a fasting plasma glucose reduction of 22.1% with add-on liraglutide.

    In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes on metformin, a model-based analysis of past trials estimated that adding liraglutide lowered fasting glucose.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseFasting plasma glucose reduction (simulated)
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 90 daysAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Fasting plasma glucose change
    −22.1%
    liraglutide add-on

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Mean changes from baseline FPG and HbA1c with these drugs were as follows: exenatide (-22.5 and -16.6%), liraglutide (-22.1 and -16.3%), and dulaglutide (-19.3 and -14.3%).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The aim of the present study was to quantitate the hypoglycaemic effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1r) and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) as add-on treatments to metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diab…
    Summary · context
    We developed a physiological indirect response model that described the time courses of FPG and HbA1c and simulated reductions in these values 90 days after the initiation of add-on treatments.
  2. 02HumanSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin, model-based meta-analysis estimated an HbA1c reduction of 16.3% with add-on liraglutide.

    In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes on metformin, a model-based analysis of past trials estimated that adding liraglutide lowered HbA1c.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseHbA1c reduction (simulated)
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 90 daysAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    HbA1c change
    −16.3%
    liraglutide add-on

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Mean changes from baseline FPG and HbA1c with these drugs were as follows: exenatide (-22.5 and -16.6%), liraglutide (-22.1 and -16.3%), and dulaglutide (-19.3 and -14.3%).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The aim of the present study was to quantitate the hypoglycaemic effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1r) and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) as add-on treatments to metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diab…
    Summary · context
    We developed a physiological indirect response model that described the time courses of FPG and HbA1c and simulated reductions in these values 90 days after the initiation of add-on treatments.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone2

In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  1. 03HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin, fasting plasma glucose reductions with once weekly exenatide, liraglutide and dulaglutide were greater than with other drugs.

    In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes on metformin, liraglutide, exenatide and dulaglutide lowered fasting glucose more than the other drugs in the analysis.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseFasting plasma glucose reduction versus other add-on drugs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Other add-on antidiabetic drugs
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    FPG and HbA1c reductions with once weekly exenatide, liraglutide and dulaglutide were greater than those with other drugs.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The aim of the present study was to quantitate the hypoglycaemic effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1r) and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) as add-on treatments to metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diab…
    Summary · context
    We developed a physiological indirect response model that described the time courses of FPG and HbA1c and simulated reductions in these values 90 days after the initiation of add-on treatments.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  2. 04HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneSystematic reviewEfficacy outcome

    In patients with type 2 diabetes on metformin, HbA1c reductions with once weekly exenatide, liraglutide and dulaglutide were greater than with other drugs.

    In plain wordsIn people with type 2 diabetes on metformin, liraglutide, exenatide and dulaglutide lowered HbA1c more than the other drugs in the analysis.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseHbA1c reduction versus other add-on drugs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Other add-on antidiabetic drugs
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    FPG and HbA1c reductions with once weekly exenatide, liraglutide and dulaglutide were greater than those with other drugs.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The aim of the present study was to quantitate the hypoglycaemic effects of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4i), glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1r) and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) as add-on treatments to metformin monotherapy in patients with type 2 diab…
    Summary · context
    We developed a physiological indirect response model that described the time courses of FPG and HbA1c and simulated reductions in these values 90 days after the initiation of add-on treatments.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    12 Oct 2026, 11:11 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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