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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2018

12 results

SS-31 Provides Neuroprotection by Reversing Mitochondrial Dysfunction after Traumatic Brain Injury.

Zhu Y, Wang H, Fang J, Dai W, Zhou J, Wang X, Zhou M

Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity27 Aug 2018Cited by 69 (Europe PMC)

PMID30224944 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC6129854 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1155/2018/4783602 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-30224944
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Summary

SS-31, a novel mitochondria-targeted peptide, has been proven to provide neuroprotection in a variety of neurological diseases. Its role as a mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger and the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in traumatic brain injury (TBI) are still not well understood. The aim of the designed study was to investigate the potential neuroprotective effects of SS-31 and fulfill our understanding of the process of the mitochondrial change in the modified Marmarou weight-drop model of TBI. Mice were randomly divided into sham, TBI, TBI + vehicle, and TBI + SS-31 groups in this study. Peptide SS-31 (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was intraperitoneally administrated 30 min after TBI with brain samples harvested 24 h later for further analysis. SS-31 treatment significantly reversed mitochondrial dysfunction and ameliorated secondary brain injury caused by TBI. SS-31 can directly decrease the ROS content, restore the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and decrease the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the release of cytochrome c, thus attenuating neurological deficits, brain water content, DNA damage, and neural apoptosis. Moreover, SS-31 restored the expression of SIRT1 and upregulated the nuclear translocation of PGC-1α, which were proved by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Taken together, these data demonstrate that SS-31 improves the mitochondrial function and provides neuroprotection in mice after TBI potentially through enhanced mitochondrial rebiogenesis. The present study gives us an implication for further clinical research.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study12

12 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with traumatic brain injury, SS‑31 treatment significantly reversed mitochondrial dysfunction.

    In plain wordsIn mice with brain injury, SS‑31 treatment reversed mitochondrial dysfunction.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseMitochondrial dysfunction after TBI
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Modified Marmarou weight-drop traumatic brain injury model
    Comparator
    TBI + vehicle
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 mg/kg · intraperitoneal · 24 hAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SS-31 treatment significantly reversed mitochondrial dysfunction and ameliorated secondary brain injury caused by TBI.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Mice were randomly divided into sham, TBI, TBI + vehicle, and TBI + SS-31 groups in this study.
    Summary · context
    Peptide SS-31 (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was intraperitoneally administrated 30 min after TBI with brain samples harvested 24 h later for further analysis.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with traumatic brain injury, SS‑31 treatment ameliorated secondary brain injury.

    In plain wordsIn mice with brain injury, SS‑31 treatment reduced the secondary brain injury.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseSecondary brain injury after TBI
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Modified Marmarou weight-drop traumatic brain injury model
    Comparator
    TBI + vehicle
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 mg/kg · intraperitoneal · 24 hAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SS-31 treatment significantly reversed mitochondrial dysfunction and ameliorated secondary brain injury caused by TBI.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Mice were randomly divided into sham, TBI, TBI + vehicle, and TBI + SS-31 groups in this study.
    Summary · context
    Peptide SS-31 (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was intraperitoneally administrated 30 min after TBI with brain samples harvested 24 h later for further analysis.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice with traumatic brain injury, SS‑31 decreased the ROS content.

    In plain wordsIn mice with brain injury, SS‑31 lowered reactive oxygen species.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseReactive oxygen species content
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Modified Marmarou weight-drop traumatic brain injury model
    Comparator
    TBI + vehicle
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 mg/kg · intraperitoneal · 24 hAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SS-31 can directly decrease the ROS content, restore the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and decrease the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the release of cytochrome c, thus attenuating neurological deficits, brain water content, DNA damage, and neural apoptosis.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Mice were randomly divided into sham, TBI, TBI + vehicle, and TBI + SS-31 groups in this study.
    Summary · context
    Peptide SS-31 (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was intraperitoneally administrated 30 min after TBI with brain samples harvested 24 h later for further analysis.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice with traumatic brain injury, SS‑31 restored the activity of superoxide dismutase.

    In plain wordsIn mice with brain injury, SS‑31 restored the activity of the antioxidant enzyme SOD.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    IncreaseSuperoxide dismutase activity
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Modified Marmarou weight-drop traumatic brain injury model
    Comparator
    TBI + vehicle
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 mg/kg · intraperitoneal · 24 hAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SS-31 can directly decrease the ROS content, restore the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and decrease the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the release of cytochrome c, thus attenuating neurological deficits, brain water content, DNA damage, and neural apoptosis.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Mice were randomly divided into sham, TBI, TBI + vehicle, and TBI + SS-31 groups in this study.
    Summary · context
    Peptide SS-31 (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was intraperitoneally administrated 30 min after TBI with brain samples harvested 24 h later for further analysis.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice with traumatic brain injury, SS‑31 decreased the level of malondialdehyde.

    In plain wordsIn mice with brain injury, SS‑31 lowered malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative damage.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseMalondialdehyde level
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Modified Marmarou weight-drop traumatic brain injury model
    Comparator
    TBI + vehicle
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 mg/kg · intraperitoneal · 24 hAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SS-31 can directly decrease the ROS content, restore the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and decrease the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the release of cytochrome c, thus attenuating neurological deficits, brain water content, DNA damage, and neural apoptosis.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Mice were randomly divided into sham, TBI, TBI + vehicle, and TBI + SS-31 groups in this study.
    Summary · context
    Peptide SS-31 (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was intraperitoneally administrated 30 min after TBI with brain samples harvested 24 h later for further analysis.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice with traumatic brain injury, SS‑31 decreased the release of cytochrome c.

    In plain wordsIn mice with brain injury, SS‑31 reduced the release of cytochrome c.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseCytochrome c release
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Modified Marmarou weight-drop traumatic brain injury model
    Comparator
    TBI + vehicle
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 mg/kg · intraperitoneal · 24 hAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SS-31 can directly decrease the ROS content, restore the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and decrease the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the release of cytochrome c, thus attenuating neurological deficits, brain water content, DNA damage, and neural apoptosis.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Mice were randomly divided into sham, TBI, TBI + vehicle, and TBI + SS-31 groups in this study.
    Summary · context
    Peptide SS-31 (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was intraperitoneally administrated 30 min after TBI with brain samples harvested 24 h later for further analysis.
  7. 07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with traumatic brain injury, SS‑31 attenuated neurological deficits.

    In plain wordsIn mice with brain injury, SS‑31 reduced neurological deficits.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseNeurological deficits
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Modified Marmarou weight-drop traumatic brain injury model
    Comparator
    TBI + vehicle
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 mg/kg · intraperitoneal · 24 hAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SS-31 can directly decrease the ROS content, restore the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and decrease the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the release of cytochrome c, thus attenuating neurological deficits, brain water content, DNA damage, and neural apoptosis.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Mice were randomly divided into sham, TBI, TBI + vehicle, and TBI + SS-31 groups in this study.
    Summary · context
    Peptide SS-31 (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was intraperitoneally administrated 30 min after TBI with brain samples harvested 24 h later for further analysis.
  8. 08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with traumatic brain injury, SS‑31 attenuated brain water content.

    In plain wordsIn mice with brain injury, SS‑31 reduced the water content of the brain.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseBrain water content
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Modified Marmarou weight-drop traumatic brain injury model
    Comparator
    TBI + vehicle
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 mg/kg · intraperitoneal · 24 hAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SS-31 can directly decrease the ROS content, restore the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and decrease the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the release of cytochrome c, thus attenuating neurological deficits, brain water content, DNA damage, and neural apoptosis.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Mice were randomly divided into sham, TBI, TBI + vehicle, and TBI + SS-31 groups in this study.
    Summary · context
    Peptide SS-31 (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was intraperitoneally administrated 30 min after TBI with brain samples harvested 24 h later for further analysis.
  9. 09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with traumatic brain injury, SS‑31 attenuated DNA damage.

    In plain wordsIn mice with brain injury, SS‑31 reduced DNA damage.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseDNA damage
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Modified Marmarou weight-drop traumatic brain injury model
    Comparator
    TBI + vehicle
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 mg/kg · intraperitoneal · 24 hAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SS-31 can directly decrease the ROS content, restore the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and decrease the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the release of cytochrome c, thus attenuating neurological deficits, brain water content, DNA damage, and neural apoptosis.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Mice were randomly divided into sham, TBI, TBI + vehicle, and TBI + SS-31 groups in this study.
    Summary · context
    Peptide SS-31 (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was intraperitoneally administrated 30 min after TBI with brain samples harvested 24 h later for further analysis.
  10. 10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with traumatic brain injury, SS‑31 attenuated neural apoptosis.

    In plain wordsIn mice with brain injury, SS‑31 reduced the death of nerve cells.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    DecreaseNeural apoptosis
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Modified Marmarou weight-drop traumatic brain injury model
    Comparator
    TBI + vehicle
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 mg/kg · intraperitoneal · 24 hAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    SS-31 can directly decrease the ROS content, restore the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and decrease the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the release of cytochrome c, thus attenuating neurological deficits, brain water content, DNA damage, and neural apoptosis.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Mice were randomly divided into sham, TBI, TBI + vehicle, and TBI + SS-31 groups in this study.
    Summary · context
    Peptide SS-31 (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was intraperitoneally administrated 30 min after TBI with brain samples harvested 24 h later for further analysis.
  11. 11AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice with traumatic brain injury, SS‑31 restored the expression of SIRT1.

    In plain wordsIn mice with brain injury, SS‑31 restored the level of the protein SIRT1.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    IncreaseSIRT1 expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Modified Marmarou weight-drop traumatic brain injury model
    Comparator
    TBI + vehicle
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 mg/kg · intraperitoneal · 24 hAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Moreover, SS-31 restored the expression of SIRT1 and upregulated the nuclear translocation of PGC-1α, which were proved by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Mice were randomly divided into sham, TBI, TBI + vehicle, and TBI + SS-31 groups in this study.
    Summary · context
    Peptide SS-31 (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was intraperitoneally administrated 30 min after TBI with brain samples harvested 24 h later for further analysis.
  12. 12AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice with traumatic brain injury, SS‑31 upregulated the nuclear translocation of PGC-1α.

    In plain wordsIn mice with brain injury, SS‑31 increased the movement of PGC-1α into the cell nucleus.

    Peptide
    Elamipretide (SS-31)
    Outcome
    IncreasePGC-1α nuclear translocation
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    Modified Marmarou weight-drop traumatic brain injury model
    Comparator
    TBI + vehicle
    Outcome group
    Mitochondrial function · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    5 mg/kg · intraperitoneal · 24 hAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Moreover, SS-31 restored the expression of SIRT1 and upregulated the nuclear translocation of PGC-1α, which were proved by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Mice were randomly divided into sham, TBI, TBI + vehicle, and TBI + SS-31 groups in this study.
    Summary · context
    Peptide SS-31 (5 mg/kg) or vehicle was intraperitoneally administrated 30 min after TBI with brain samples harvested 24 h later for further analysis.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    9 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 02:47 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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