Thymosin β4 suppresses CCl₄ -induced murine hepatic fibrosis by down-regulating transforming growth factor β receptor-II.

Li H, Li Q, Zhang X, Zheng X, Zhang Q, Hao Z

The journal of gene medicine15 Aug 2018Cited by 13 (Europe PMC)

PMID29972714DOI10.1002/jgm.3043PepBankPUB-29972714

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study18

7 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In vitro, Tβ4 suppressed hepatic stellate cell proliferation.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, thymosin beta‑4 slowed the growth of scar-forming liver cells.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseHSC proliferation
Study
n: not reported in source
Hepatic stellate cells
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro experiments showed that Tβ4 suppressed HSC proliferation, blunted TGF-β1-induced HSC activation and reduced TGF-β1-induced TGF-β1, PDGF-B, CTGF and PAI-1 expression in both HSCs and hepatocytes.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In vitro tests with HSCs and hepatocytes were performed to confirm the effects of Tβ4.
Report a problemFND-2997271410
02LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In vitro, Tβ4 blunted TGF-β1-induced hepatic stellate cell activation.
In plain wordsIn lab tests, thymosin beta‑4 reduced the activation of scar-forming liver cells caused by TGF-β1.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseTGF-β1-induced HSC activation
Study
n: not reported in source
Hepatic stellate cells
Comparator
TGF-β1 alone
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro experiments showed that Tβ4 suppressed HSC proliferation, blunted TGF-β1-induced HSC activation and reduced TGF-β1-induced TGF-β1, PDGF-B, CTGF and PAI-1 expression in both HSCs and hepatocytes.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In vitro tests with HSCs and hepatocytes were performed to confirm the effects of Tβ4.
Report a problemFND-2997271411
03LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes, Tβ4 reduced TGF-β1-induced TGF-β1 expression.
In plain wordsIn lab-grown liver cells, thymosin beta‑4 reduced the rise in TGF-β1 caused by TGF-β1.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseTGF-β1-induced TGF-β1 expression
Study
n: not reported in source
Hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes
Comparator
TGF-β1 alone
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Liver
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro experiments showed that Tβ4 suppressed HSC proliferation, blunted TGF-β1-induced HSC activation and reduced TGF-β1-induced TGF-β1, PDGF-B, CTGF and PAI-1 expression in both HSCs and hepatocytes.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In vitro tests with HSCs and hepatocytes were performed to confirm the effects of Tβ4.
Report a problemFND-2997271412
04LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes, Tβ4 reduced TGF-β1-induced PDGF-B expression.
In plain wordsIn lab-grown liver cells, thymosin beta‑4 reduced the rise in PDGF-B caused by TGF-β1.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseTGF-β1-induced PDGF-B expression
Study
n: not reported in source
Hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes
Comparator
TGF-β1 alone
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Liver
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro experiments showed that Tβ4 suppressed HSC proliferation, blunted TGF-β1-induced HSC activation and reduced TGF-β1-induced TGF-β1, PDGF-B, CTGF and PAI-1 expression in both HSCs and hepatocytes.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In vitro tests with HSCs and hepatocytes were performed to confirm the effects of Tβ4.
Report a problemFND-2997271413
05LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes, Tβ4 reduced TGF-β1-induced CTGF expression.
In plain wordsIn lab-grown liver cells, thymosin beta‑4 reduced the rise in CTGF caused by TGF-β1.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseTGF-β1-induced CTGF expression
Study
n: not reported in source
Hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes
Comparator
TGF-β1 alone
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Liver
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro experiments showed that Tβ4 suppressed HSC proliferation, blunted TGF-β1-induced HSC activation and reduced TGF-β1-induced TGF-β1, PDGF-B, CTGF and PAI-1 expression in both HSCs and hepatocytes.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In vitro tests with HSCs and hepatocytes were performed to confirm the effects of Tβ4.
Report a problemFND-2997271414
06LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes, Tβ4 reduced TGF-β1-induced PAI-1 expression.
In plain wordsIn lab-grown liver cells, thymosin beta‑4 reduced the rise in PAI-1 caused by TGF-β1.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseTGF-β1-induced PAI-1 expression
Study
n: not reported in source
Hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes
Comparator
TGF-β1 alone
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Liver
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In vitro experiments showed that Tβ4 suppressed HSC proliferation, blunted TGF-β1-induced HSC activation and reduced TGF-β1-induced TGF-β1, PDGF-B, CTGF and PAI-1 expression in both HSCs and hepatocytes.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In vitro tests with HSCs and hepatocytes were performed to confirm the effects of Tβ4.
Report a problemFND-2997271415
07LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In cultured hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes, exogenous Tβ4 down-regulated TGF-βRII expression.
In plain wordsIn lab-grown liver cells, added thymosin beta‑4 lowered a scarring-signal receptor.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseTGF-βRII expression after exogenous Tβ4
Study
n: not reported in source
Cultured hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Liver
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
Exogenous Tβ4 down-regulated TGF-βRII expression
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In vitro tests with HSCs and hepatocytes were performed to confirm the effects of Tβ4.
Report a problemFND-2997271417

Natural levels measured2

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

08AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice with CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis, the liver's own Tβ4 expression was down-regulated in fibrotic livers.
In plain wordsIn mice with liver scarring, the liver's own thymosin beta‑4 was lower in scarred livers.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseTβ4 expression in fibrotic liver
Study
mousen: not reported in source
CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
The expression of Tβ4 was down-regulated in fibrotic mouse livers
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Expression of Tβ4 in fibrotic liver tissues was assessed by a quantitative real time-reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2997271401
09AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice with CCl4-induced acute injury, the liver's own Tβ4 expression was rapidly up-regulated.
In plain wordsIn mice with sudden liver injury, the liver's own thymosin beta‑4 rose quickly.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseTβ4 expression in acute CCl4 injury
Study
mousen: not reported in source
CCl4-induced acute liver injury
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
but was rapidly up-regulated by CCl₄ -induced acute injury.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Expression of Tβ4 in fibrotic liver tissues was assessed by a quantitative real time-reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2997271402

Studies that did not test the peptide alone9

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

10AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In CCl4-intoxicated mice, AAV-Tβ4 pre-treatment significantly attenuated liver injury.
In plain wordsIn mice with toxin-induced liver injury, a virus that raises Tβ4 gene activity, given beforehand, clearly reduced liver injury.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseLiver injury
Study
mousen: not reported in source
CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
AAV-Tβ4 pre-treatment significantly attenuated liver injury, collagen deposition, HSC activation and pro-fibrotic cytokine over-expression, such as transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and plasminogen activator inhi…
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The effects of intraperitoneal adeno-associated virus-Tβ4 (AAV-Tβ4) on CCl₄ -induced hepatic fibrosis were observed by the evaluation of collagen deposition, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and pro-fibrotic cytokine expression.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2997271403
11AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In CCl4-intoxicated mice, AAV-Tβ4 pre-treatment significantly attenuated collagen deposition.
In plain wordsIn mice with toxin-induced liver injury, a virus that raises Tβ4 gene activity, given beforehand, clearly reduced collagen buildup.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseCollagen deposition
Study
mousen: not reported in source
CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
AAV-Tβ4 pre-treatment significantly attenuated liver injury, collagen deposition, HSC activation and pro-fibrotic cytokine over-expression, such as transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and plasminogen activator inhi…
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The effects of intraperitoneal adeno-associated virus-Tβ4 (AAV-Tβ4) on CCl₄ -induced hepatic fibrosis were observed by the evaluation of collagen deposition, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and pro-fibrotic cytokine expression.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2997271404
12AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In CCl4-intoxicated mice, AAV-Tβ4 pre-treatment significantly attenuated hepatic stellate cell activation.
In plain wordsIn mice with toxin-induced liver injury, a virus that raises Tβ4 gene activity, given beforehand, clearly reduced activation of liver scar-forming cells.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseHepatic stellate cell activation
Study
mousen: not reported in source
CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis
Outcome group
Liver fat and liver function · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
AAV-Tβ4 pre-treatment significantly attenuated liver injury, collagen deposition, HSC activation and pro-fibrotic cytokine over-expression, such as transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and plasminogen activator inhi…
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The effects of intraperitoneal adeno-associated virus-Tβ4 (AAV-Tβ4) on CCl₄ -induced hepatic fibrosis were observed by the evaluation of collagen deposition, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and pro-fibrotic cytokine expression.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2997271405
13AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In CCl4-intoxicated mice, AAV-Tβ4 pre-treatment significantly attenuated TGF-β1 over-expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with toxin-induced liver injury, a virus that raises Tβ4 gene activity, given beforehand, clearly reduced the overproduction of TGF-β1.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseTGF-β1 over-expression in liver
Study
mousen: not reported in source
CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
AAV-Tβ4 pre-treatment significantly attenuated liver injury, collagen deposition, HSC activation and pro-fibrotic cytokine over-expression, such as transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and plasminogen activator inhi…
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The effects of intraperitoneal adeno-associated virus-Tβ4 (AAV-Tβ4) on CCl₄ -induced hepatic fibrosis were observed by the evaluation of collagen deposition, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and pro-fibrotic cytokine expression.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2997271406
14AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In CCl4-intoxicated mice, AAV-Tβ4 pre-treatment significantly attenuated PDGF-B over-expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with toxin-induced liver injury, a virus that raises Tβ4 gene activity, given beforehand, clearly reduced the overproduction of PDGF-B.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreasePDGF-B over-expression in liver
Study
mousen: not reported in source
CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
AAV-Tβ4 pre-treatment significantly attenuated liver injury, collagen deposition, HSC activation and pro-fibrotic cytokine over-expression, such as transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and plasminogen activator inhi…
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The effects of intraperitoneal adeno-associated virus-Tβ4 (AAV-Tβ4) on CCl₄ -induced hepatic fibrosis were observed by the evaluation of collagen deposition, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and pro-fibrotic cytokine expression.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2997271407
15AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In CCl4-intoxicated mice, AAV-Tβ4 pre-treatment significantly attenuated CTGF over-expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with toxin-induced liver injury, a virus that raises Tβ4 gene activity, given beforehand, clearly reduced the overproduction of CTGF.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseCTGF over-expression in liver
Study
mousen: not reported in source
CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
AAV-Tβ4 pre-treatment significantly attenuated liver injury, collagen deposition, HSC activation and pro-fibrotic cytokine over-expression, such as transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and plasminogen activator inhi…
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The effects of intraperitoneal adeno-associated virus-Tβ4 (AAV-Tβ4) on CCl₄ -induced hepatic fibrosis were observed by the evaluation of collagen deposition, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and pro-fibrotic cytokine expression.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2997271408
16AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In CCl4-intoxicated mice, AAV-Tβ4 pre-treatment significantly attenuated PAI-1 over-expression.
In plain wordsIn mice with toxin-induced liver injury, a virus that raises Tβ4 gene activity, given beforehand, clearly reduced the overproduction of PAI-1.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreasePAI-1 over-expression in liver
Study
mousen: not reported in source
CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
AAV-Tβ4 pre-treatment significantly attenuated liver injury, collagen deposition, HSC activation and pro-fibrotic cytokine over-expression, such as transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and plasminogen activator inhi…
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The effects of intraperitoneal adeno-associated virus-Tβ4 (AAV-Tβ4) on CCl₄ -induced hepatic fibrosis were observed by the evaluation of collagen deposition, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and pro-fibrotic cytokine expression.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2997271409
17AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice with CCl4-induced fibrosis, ectopic Tβ4 ameliorated the over-expression of TGF-βRII in fibrotic livers.
In plain wordsIn mice with liver scarring, extra Tβ4 made by the gene lowered the raised level of the TGF-β receptor-II in the scarred liver.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseTGF-β receptor-II over-expression in fibrotic liver
Study
mousen: not reported in source
CCl4-induced hepatic fibrosis
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
Ectopic Tβ4 ameliorated the over-expression of TGF-β receptor-II (TGF-βRII) in the fibrotic mouse livers.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The effects of intraperitoneal adeno-associated virus-Tβ4 (AAV-Tβ4) on CCl₄ -induced hepatic fibrosis were observed by the evaluation of collagen deposition, hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and pro-fibrotic cytokine expression.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2997271416
18LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In cultured hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes, neutralizing endogenous extracellular Tβ4 with a specific antibody up-regulated TGF-βRII expression.
In plain wordsIn lab-grown liver cells, blocking the cell's own thymosin beta‑4 with an antibody raised a scarring-signal receptor.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseTGF-βRII expression after Tβ4 neutralization
Study
n: not reported in source
Cultured hepatic stellate cells and hepatocytes
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Liver
Source sentences
Summary
whereas neutralizing endogenous extracellular Tβ4 with a specific antibody up-regulated TGF-βRII expression in cultured HSCs and hepatocytes.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
In vitro tests with HSCs and hepatocytes were performed to confirm the effects of Tβ4.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2997271418

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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