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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · rat · 2018

5 results

Thymosin β4 promotes endothelial progenitor cell angiogenesis via a vascular endothelial growth factor‑dependent mechanism.

Zhao Y, Song J, Bi X, Gao J, Shen Z, Zhu J, Fu G

Molecular medicine reports20 Jun 2018Cited by 18 (Europe PMC)

PMID29956769 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.3892/mmr.2018.9199 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-29956769
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study5

2 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In infarcted rat hearts, transplantation of Tβ4-pretreated EPCs gave higher VEGF expression in the border zone than EPC transplantation alone.

    In plain wordsIn rats with heart attack, cells pretreated with thymosin beta‑4 raised a blood vessel growth factor more than untreated cells.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseVEGF expression in the infarct border zone
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Infarcted rat hearts with EPC transplantation
    Comparator
    EPC transplantation alone
    Outcome group
    Angiogenesis · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, transplantation of EPCs pretreated with Tβ4 into infarcted rat hearts resulted in significantly higher VEGF expression in the border zone, compared with EPC transplantation alone.
  2. 02LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In endothelial progenitor cells, Tβ4 increased the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor.

    In plain wordsIn lab-grown progenitor cells, thymosin beta‑4 raised the level of a blood vessel growth factor.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseVEGF expression in EPCs
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Endothelial progenitor cells
    Outcome group
    Angiogenesis · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The results indicated that Tβ4 improved the paracrine effects of EPCs, evidenced by an increase in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    A tube formation assay was used to assess the effect of angiogenesis, and the paracrine effects were measured using an ELISA kit.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone3

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  1. 03LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome

    In vitro, medium from EPCs pretreated with Tβ4 enhanced angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells more than medium from untreated EPCs.

    In plain wordsIn the lab, fluid from progenitor cells exposed to Tβ4 boosted blood vessel formation by human vein cells more than fluid from unexposed cells.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseHUVEC angiogenesis by EPC-conditioned medium
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    Tube formation assay with human umbilical vein endothelial cells
    Comparator
    EPC-conditioned medium without Tβ4 pretreatment
    Outcome group
    Angiogenesis · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    EPC‑conditioned medium (EPC‑CM) significantly promoted human umbilical vein endothelial cell angiogenesis in vitro, which was further enhanced by pretreatment with Tβ4.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    A tube formation assay was used to assess the effect of angiogenesis, and the paracrine effects were measured using an ELISA kit.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  2. 04LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In vitro, a VEGF neutralizing antibody abolished the angiogenic effect of Tβ4-pretreated EPC-conditioned medium.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, blocking the growth factor VEGF removed the blood vessel effect of medium from thymosin beta‑4 pretreated cells.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableVEGF dependence of Tβ4-pretreated EPC-CM angiogenesis
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Tube formation assay with VEGF neutralizing antibody
    Comparator
    VEGF neutralizing antibody
    Outcome group
    Angiogenesis · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The effect of Tβ4 pretreated EPC‑CM on angiogenesis was abolished by VEGF neutralizing antibody in vitro, indicating that increased VEGF secretion had a pivotal role in Tβ4‑mediated EPC angiogenesis.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  3. 05LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In EPCs, knockdown of Akt or eNOS significantly decreased VEGF in EPC-conditioned medium, which supports a role for the Akt/eNOS pathway in Tβ4-induced VEGF secretion.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, switching off two pathway proteins lowered the blood vessel growth factor that thymosin beta‑4 raises.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableVEGF in EPC-CM after Akt or eNOS knockdown
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Endothelial progenitor cells with Akt or eNOS siRNA
    Comparator
    No knockdown
    Outcome group
    Angiogenesis · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    To further investigate whether the Akt/eNOS pathway was involved in Tβ4‑induced VEGF secretion in EPCs, the expression levels of VEGF in EPC‑CM were significantly decreased following knockdown of Akt or eNOS by small interfering RNA transfection.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The RAC‑α serine/threonine‑protein kinase/endothelial nitric oxide synthase signal transduction pathway was involved in the regulation of Tβ4‑induced VEGF secretion in EPCs.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

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Publication types

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