Thymosin β4 Deficiency Exacerbates Renal and Cardiac Injury in Angiotensin-II-Induced Hypertension.

Kumar N, Liao TD, Romero CA, Maheshwari M, Peterson EL, Carretero OA

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)9 Apr 2018Cited by 24 (Europe PMC)

PMID29632102PMCIDPMC5945311DOI10.1161/hypertensionaha.118.10952PepBankPUB-29632102

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study11

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone11

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

01AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
At baseline, Tβ4 deficiency did not affect renal function in mice.
In plain wordsIn mice, lacking Tβ4 did not change kidney function at baseline.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
No significant changeBaseline renal function in Tβ4 knockout mice
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Tβ4 knockout mice at baseline
Comparator
Wild-type mice
Outcome group
Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
Source sentences
Summary
At baseline, Tβ4 deficiency did not affect renal and cardiac function.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To elucidate the pathophysiological role of endogenous Tβ4 in hypertension, we examined angiotensin-II (Ang-II)-induced renal and cardiac damage in Tβ4 knockout (Tβ4 KO) mice.
Summary · context
Tβ4 KO and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were infused continuously for 6 weeks with either vehicle or Ang-II (980 ng/kg per minute).
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2963210201
02AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
At baseline, Tβ4 deficiency did not affect cardiac function in mice.
In plain wordsIn mice, lacking Tβ4 did not change heart function at baseline.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
No significant changeBaseline cardiac function in Tβ4 knockout mice
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Tβ4 knockout mice at baseline
Comparator
Wild-type mice
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
At baseline, Tβ4 deficiency did not affect renal and cardiac function.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To elucidate the pathophysiological role of endogenous Tβ4 in hypertension, we examined angiotensin-II (Ang-II)-induced renal and cardiac damage in Tβ4 knockout (Tβ4 KO) mice.
Summary · context
Tβ4 KO and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were infused continuously for 6 weeks with either vehicle or Ang-II (980 ng/kg per minute).
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2963210202
03AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice infused with Ang-II, systolic blood pressure was similar in wild-type and Tβ4 knockout mice.
In plain wordsIn mice given Ang-II, blood pressure was similar with and without Tβ4.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
No significant changeSystolic blood pressure after Ang-II
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Tβ4 knockout mice with angiotensin-II infusion
Comparator
Wild-type mice
Outcome group
Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Systolic blood pressure
179.25 mm Hg
wild-type Ang-II
Systolic blood pressure
169.81 mm Hg
Tβ4 KO Ang-II
Source sentences
Summary
Systolic blood pressure in the Ang-II group was similar in wild-type and Tβ4 KO mice (wild-type Ang-II, 179.25±10.11 mm Hg; Tβ4 KO Ang-II, 169.81±6.54 mm Hg).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To elucidate the pathophysiological role of endogenous Tβ4 in hypertension, we examined angiotensin-II (Ang-II)-induced renal and cardiac damage in Tβ4 knockout (Tβ4 KO) mice.
Summary · context
Tβ4 KO and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were infused continuously for 6 weeks with either vehicle or Ang-II (980 ng/kg per minute).
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2963210203
04AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice infused with Ang-II, Tβ4-deficient mice had dramatically increased albuminuria.
In plain wordsIn mice given Ang-II, mice lacking Tβ4 lost much more albumin in urine.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseAlbuminuria after Ang-II
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Tβ4 knockout mice with angiotensin-II infusion
Comparator
Wild-type mice
Outcome group
Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
Source sentences
Summary
Tβ4-deficient mice had dramatically increased albuminuria
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To elucidate the pathophysiological role of endogenous Tβ4 in hypertension, we examined angiotensin-II (Ang-II)-induced renal and cardiac damage in Tβ4 knockout (Tβ4 KO) mice.
Summary · context
Tβ4 KO and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were infused continuously for 6 weeks with either vehicle or Ang-II (980 ng/kg per minute).
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2963210204
05AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice infused with Ang-II, Tβ4-deficient mice had decreased nephrin expression in the kidney.
In plain wordsIn mice given Ang-II, mice lacking Tβ4 had less nephrin, a kidney filter protein.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseKidney nephrin expression after Ang-II
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Tβ4 knockout mice with angiotensin-II infusion
Comparator
Wild-type mice
Outcome group
Kidney function · Kidney and urinary
Source sentences
Summary
decreased nephrin expression in the kidney (P<0.005).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To elucidate the pathophysiological role of endogenous Tβ4 in hypertension, we examined angiotensin-II (Ang-II)-induced renal and cardiac damage in Tβ4 knockout (Tβ4 KO) mice.
Summary · context
Tβ4 KO and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were infused continuously for 6 weeks with either vehicle or Ang-II (980 ng/kg per minute).
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2963210205
06AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice infused with Ang-II, ejection fraction fell more in Tβ4 knockout mice than in wild-type mice.
In plain wordsIn mice given Ang-II, the heart pumped less blood per beat in mice lacking Tβ4 than in normal mice.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseEjection fraction after Ang-II
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Tβ4 knockout mice with angiotensin-II infusion
Comparator
Wild-type mice
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Ejection fraction
77.95%
wild-type Ang-II
Ejection fraction
62.58%
Tβ4 KO Ang-II
Source sentences
Summary
In the heart of Tβ4 KO mice, Ang-II reduced ejection fraction and shortening fraction (ejection fraction: wild-type Ang-II 77.95%±1.03%; Tβ4 KO Ang-II 62.58%±3.25%; P<0.005), which was accompanied by cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricular dilatation.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To elucidate the pathophysiological role of endogenous Tβ4 in hypertension, we examined angiotensin-II (Ang-II)-induced renal and cardiac damage in Tβ4 knockout (Tβ4 KO) mice.
Summary · context
Tβ4 KO and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were infused continuously for 6 weeks with either vehicle or Ang-II (980 ng/kg per minute).
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2963210206
07AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice infused with Ang-II, Tβ4 knockout mice had cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricular dilatation.
In plain wordsIn mice given Ang-II, mice lacking Tβ4 had a thicker heart muscle and a wider left heart chamber.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseCardiac hypertrophy and left ventricular dilatation after Ang-II
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Tβ4 knockout mice with angiotensin-II infusion
Comparator
Wild-type mice
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
In the heart of Tβ4 KO mice, Ang-II reduced ejection fraction and shortening fraction (ejection fraction: wild-type Ang-II 77.95%±1.03%; Tβ4 KO Ang-II 62.58%±3.25%; P<0.005), which was accompanied by cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricular dilatation.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To elucidate the pathophysiological role of endogenous Tβ4 in hypertension, we examined angiotensin-II (Ang-II)-induced renal and cardiac damage in Tβ4 knockout (Tβ4 KO) mice.
Summary · context
Tβ4 KO and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were infused continuously for 6 weeks with either vehicle or Ang-II (980 ng/kg per minute).
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2963210207
08AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice infused with Ang-II, renal and cardiac infiltration of CD68 macrophages was increased in Tβ4 knockout mice.
In plain wordsIn mice given Ang-II, mice lacking Tβ4 had more immune cells in the kidney and heart.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseRenal and cardiac CD68 macrophage infiltration after Ang-II
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Tβ4 knockout mice with angiotensin-II infusion
Comparator
Wild-type mice
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
In addition, renal and cardiac infiltration of CD68 macrophages, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and total collagen content were increased after Ang-II infusion in Tβ4 KO mice (P<0.005).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To elucidate the pathophysiological role of endogenous Tβ4 in hypertension, we examined angiotensin-II (Ang-II)-induced renal and cardiac damage in Tβ4 knockout (Tβ4 KO) mice.
Summary · context
Tβ4 KO and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were infused continuously for 6 weeks with either vehicle or Ang-II (980 ng/kg per minute).
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2963210208
09AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice infused with Ang-II, renal and cardiac intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was increased in Tβ4 knockout mice.
In plain wordsIn mice given Ang-II, mice lacking Tβ4 had more of the adhesion protein ICAM-1 in kidney and heart.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseRenal and cardiac ICAM-1 after Ang-II
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Tβ4 knockout mice with angiotensin-II infusion
Comparator
Wild-type mice
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
Source sentences
Summary
In addition, renal and cardiac infiltration of CD68 macrophages, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and total collagen content were increased after Ang-II infusion in Tβ4 KO mice (P<0.005).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To elucidate the pathophysiological role of endogenous Tβ4 in hypertension, we examined angiotensin-II (Ang-II)-induced renal and cardiac damage in Tβ4 knockout (Tβ4 KO) mice.
Summary · context
Tβ4 KO and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were infused continuously for 6 weeks with either vehicle or Ang-II (980 ng/kg per minute).
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2963210209
10AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice infused with Ang-II, total collagen content in kidney and heart was increased in Tβ4 knockout mice.
In plain wordsIn mice given Ang-II, mice lacking Tβ4 had more collagen, a scar-tissue protein, in kidney and heart.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseRenal and cardiac total collagen content after Ang-II
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Tβ4 knockout mice with angiotensin-II infusion
Comparator
Wild-type mice
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
In addition, renal and cardiac infiltration of CD68 macrophages, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and total collagen content were increased after Ang-II infusion in Tβ4 KO mice (P<0.005).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
To elucidate the pathophysiological role of endogenous Tβ4 in hypertension, we examined angiotensin-II (Ang-II)-induced renal and cardiac damage in Tβ4 knockout (Tβ4 KO) mice.
Summary · context
Tβ4 KO and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were infused continuously for 6 weeks with either vehicle or Ang-II (980 ng/kg per minute).
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2963210210
11AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In Tβ4 knockout mice infused with Ang-II, shortening fraction was reduced.
In plain wordsIn mice lacking Tβ4 and given Ang-II, the heart muscle shortened less with each beat.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseShortening fraction after Ang-II
Study
mousen: not reported in source
Tβ4 knockout mice with angiotensin-II infusion
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
In the heart of Tβ4 KO mice, Ang-II reduced ejection fraction and shortening fraction (ejection fraction: wild-type Ang-II 77.95%±1.03%; Tβ4 KO Ang-II 62.58%±3.25%; P<0.005), which was accompanied by cardiac hypertrophy and left ventricular dilatation.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2963210211

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.