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Study · Non-randomized trial · n = 7 · 2018

2 results

Empagliflozin influences blood viscosity and wall shear stress in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared with incretin-based therapy.

Irace C, Casciaro F, Scavelli FB, Oliverio R, Cutruzzolà A, Cortese C, Gnasso A

Cardiovascular diabetology9 Apr 2018Cited by 54 (Europe PMC)

PMID29631585 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC5891980 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1186/s12933-018-0695-y (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-29631585
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Summary

BackgroundCardiovascular protection following empagliflozin therapy is not entirely attributable to the glucose lowering effect. Increased hematocrit might influence the shear stress that is the main force acting on the endothelium, regulating its anti-atherogenic function.ObjectiveWe designed the study with the aim of investigating the effect of empagliflozin on blood viscosity and shear stress in the carotid arteries. A secondary endpoint was the effect of empagliflozin on carotid artery wall thickness.MethodsThe study was a non-randomized, open, prospective cohort study including 35 type 2 diabetic outpatients who were offered empagliflozin or incretin-based therapy (7 liraglutide, 8 sitagliptin) in combination with insulin and metformin. Blood viscosity, shear stress and carotid wall thickness were measured at baseline and at 1 and 3 months of treatment. Blood viscosity was measured with a viscometer, and shear stress was calculated using a validated formula. Intima-media thickness (IMT) of the carotid artery was detected by ultrasound and was measured with dedicated software.ResultsBlood viscosity (4.87 ± 0.57 vs 5.32 ± 0.66 cP, p < 0.02) and shear stress significantly increased in the Empagliflozin group while no change was detected in the Control group (4.66 ± 0.56 vs 4.98 ± 0.73 cP, p = NS). IMT significantly decreased in the Empagliflozin group after 1 and 3 months (baseline: 831 ± 156, 1-month 793 ± 150, 3-month 766 ± 127 μm; p < 0.0001), while in the liraglutide group, IMT significantly decreased only after 3 months (baseline 879 ± 120; 1-month 861 ± 163; 3-month 802 ± 114 μm; p < 0.001). In the sitagliptin group, IMT remained almost unchanged (baseline 901 ± 135; 1-month 902 ± 129; 3-month 880 ± 140 μm; p = NS).ConclusionsThis study is the first to describe a direct effect of empagliflozin on blood viscosity and wall shear stress. Furthermore, IMT was markedly reduced early on in the Empagliflozin group.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study2

2 results from studies that gave the peptide. 2 results from people.

  1. 01HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes on insulin and metformin, carotid intima-media thickness decreased significantly after 3 months of liraglutide.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, the carotid artery wall became thinner after 3 months of liraglutide.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseCarotid intima-media thickness at 3 months
    Study

    n = 7

    Analysis
    Secondary
    Outcome group
    Vascular function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 3 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Carotid IMT
    879 μm
    baseline
    Carotid IMT
    802 μm
    3 months

    Source sentences

    Summary
    while in the liraglutide group, IMT significantly decreased only after 3 months (baseline 879 ± 120; 1-month 861 ± 163; 3-month 802 ± 114 μm; p < 0.001).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The study was a non-randomized, open, prospective cohort study including 35 type 2 diabetic outpatients who were offered empagliflozin or incretin-based therapy (7 liraglutide, 8 sitagliptin) in combination with insulin and metformin.
    Summary · context
    Blood viscosity, shear stress and carotid wall thickness were measured at baseline and at 1 and 3 months of treatment.
  2. 02HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes on insulin and metformin, carotid intima-media thickness decreased significantly with liraglutide only after 3 months, not at 1 month.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, the carotid artery wall did not get significantly thinner after 1 month of liraglutide.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeCarotid intima-media thickness at 1 month
    Study

    n = 7

    Analysis
    Secondary
    Outcome group
    Vascular function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 1 monthAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Carotid IMT
    879 μm
    baseline
    Carotid IMT
    861 μm
    1 month

    Source sentences

    Summary
    while in the liraglutide group, IMT significantly decreased only after 3 months (baseline 879 ± 120; 1-month 861 ± 163; 3-month 802 ± 114 μm; p < 0.001).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The study was a non-randomized, open, prospective cohort study including 35 type 2 diabetic outpatients who were offered empagliflozin or incretin-based therapy (7 liraglutide, 8 sitagliptin) in combination with insulin and metformin.
    Summary · context
    Blood viscosity, shear stress and carotid wall thickness were measured at baseline and at 1 and 3 months of treatment.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    12 Oct 2026, 12:10 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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