Intradermal injections of a hair growth factor formulation for enhancement of human hair regrowth - safety and efficacy evaluation in a first-in-man pilot clinical study.

Kapoor R, Shome D

Journal of cosmetic and laser therapy : official publication of the European Society for Laser Dermatology26 Feb 2018Cited by 20 (Europe PMC)

PMID29482481DOI10.1080/14764172.2018.1439965PepBankPUB-29482481

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study15

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone15

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

01HumanNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In 1000 patients with hair loss given a growth factor formulation that contains copper tripeptide-1, hair fall fell significantly in 83% on the hair pull test.
In plain wordsIn patients given an injected mixture that includes copper tripeptide-1, hair fall dropped in most patients (83%).
Peptide
GHK-Cu
Outcome
DecreaseHair fall on hair pull test
Study
n = 1,000
Outcome group
Skin and hair · Skin and wound
Measurements
Patients with reduced hair fall
83%
hair pull test
Source sentences
Summary
Significant reduction in hair fall was seen in 83% of the patients on hair pull test.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This was an open-label, prospective, single-arm interventional pilot study in which 1000 patients were given intradermal injections of a hair formulation into the scalp skin.
Summary · context
The formulation contains vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, thymosin β4, and copper tripeptide-1 suspended in a sterile injectable vehicle.
Summary · context
Intradermal injections of this hair formulation were injected into the scalp once every 3 weeks for a total of eight such sessions.
In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.
Report a problemFND-2948248101
02HumanNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In a single-arm study of a formulation containing copper tripeptide-1, most patients had fewer vellus hairs on videomicroscopy.
In plain wordsIn patients given an injected mixture that includes copper tripeptide-1, most had fewer fine vellus hairs.
Peptide
GHK-Cu
Outcome
DecreaseVellus hair number
Study
n = 1,000
Outcome group
Skin and hair · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
Videomicroscopic image evaluation showed that most patients had a decrease in the number of vellus hairs, increase in number of terminal hairs, and increase in shaft diameter.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This was an open-label, prospective, single-arm interventional pilot study in which 1000 patients were given intradermal injections of a hair formulation into the scalp skin.
Summary · context
The formulation contains vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, thymosin β4, and copper tripeptide-1 suspended in a sterile injectable vehicle.
Summary · context
Intradermal injections of this hair formulation were injected into the scalp once every 3 weeks for a total of eight such sessions.
In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.
Report a problemFND-2948248102
03HumanNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In a single-arm study of a formulation containing copper tripeptide-1, most patients had more terminal hairs on videomicroscopy.
In plain wordsIn patients given an injected mixture that includes copper tripeptide-1, most had more thick terminal hairs.
Peptide
GHK-Cu
Outcome
IncreaseTerminal hair number
Study
n = 1,000
Outcome group
Skin and hair · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
Videomicroscopic image evaluation showed that most patients had a decrease in the number of vellus hairs, increase in number of terminal hairs, and increase in shaft diameter.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This was an open-label, prospective, single-arm interventional pilot study in which 1000 patients were given intradermal injections of a hair formulation into the scalp skin.
Summary · context
The formulation contains vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, thymosin β4, and copper tripeptide-1 suspended in a sterile injectable vehicle.
Summary · context
Intradermal injections of this hair formulation were injected into the scalp once every 3 weeks for a total of eight such sessions.
In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.
Report a problemFND-2948248103
04HumanNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In a single-arm study of a formulation containing copper tripeptide-1, most patients had a larger hair shaft diameter on videomicroscopy.
In plain wordsIn patients given an injected mixture that includes copper tripeptide-1, most had thicker hair shafts.
Peptide
GHK-Cu
Outcome
IncreaseHair shaft diameter
Study
n = 1,000
Outcome group
Skin and hair · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
Videomicroscopic image evaluation showed that most patients had a decrease in the number of vellus hairs, increase in number of terminal hairs, and increase in shaft diameter.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This was an open-label, prospective, single-arm interventional pilot study in which 1000 patients were given intradermal injections of a hair formulation into the scalp skin.
Summary · context
The formulation contains vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, thymosin β4, and copper tripeptide-1 suspended in a sterile injectable vehicle.
Summary · context
Intradermal injections of this hair formulation were injected into the scalp once every 3 weeks for a total of eight such sessions.
In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.
Report a problemFND-2948248104
05HumanNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
At 1 year, total hair count was significantly increased in patients given the formulation containing copper tripeptide-1 (P = 0.002).
In plain wordsIn patients given an injected mixture that includes copper tripeptide-1, total hair count was still higher at 1 year.
Peptide
GHK-Cu
Outcome
IncreaseTotal hair count at 1 year
Study
n = 1,000
Outcome group
Skin and hair · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
At 1 year, a statistically significant increase in total hair count (P = 0.002) continued to be seen.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This was an open-label, prospective, single-arm interventional pilot study in which 1000 patients were given intradermal injections of a hair formulation into the scalp skin.
Summary · context
The formulation contains vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, thymosin β4, and copper tripeptide-1 suspended in a sterile injectable vehicle.
Summary · context
Intradermal injections of this hair formulation were injected into the scalp once every 3 weeks for a total of eight such sessions.
In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.
Report a problemFND-2948248105
06HumanNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
Seventy-five percent of patients believed the injections of the formulation containing copper tripeptide-1 aided treatment of their hair loss.
In plain wordsSeventy-five percent of patients given an injected mixture that includes copper tripeptide-1 believed it helped their hair loss.
Peptide
GHK-Cu
Outcome
Not applicablePatient-reported benefit
Study
n = 1,000
Outcome group
Skin and hair · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
Seventy-five percent of the patients believed that the hair injections were aiding the treatment of their hair loss, and it was also beneficial in post-hair transplant patients.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This was an open-label, prospective, single-arm interventional pilot study in which 1000 patients were given intradermal injections of a hair formulation into the scalp skin.
Summary · context
The formulation contains vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, thymosin β4, and copper tripeptide-1 suspended in a sterile injectable vehicle.
Summary · context
Intradermal injections of this hair formulation were injected into the scalp once every 3 weeks for a total of eight such sessions.
In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.
Report a problemFND-2948248106
07HumanNot a test of GHK-Cu aloneNon-randomized trialSafety outcome
Treatment with the formulation containing copper tripeptide-1 was well tolerated.
In plain wordsPatients given an injected mixture that includes copper tripeptide-1 tolerated the treatment well.
Peptide
GHK-Cu
Outcome
Not applicableTolerability
Study
n = 1,000
Outcome group
Adverse events · Whole body
Source sentences
Summary
Treatment was well tolerated.
3 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This was an open-label, prospective, single-arm interventional pilot study in which 1000 patients were given intradermal injections of a hair formulation into the scalp skin.
Summary · context
The formulation contains vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, thymosin β4, and copper tripeptide-1 suspended in a sterile injectable vehicle.
Summary · context
Intradermal injections of this hair formulation were injected into the scalp once every 3 weeks for a total of eight such sessions.
In this study, GHK-Cu was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking GHK-Cu.
Report a problemFND-2948248107
08HumanNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In 1000 patients with hair loss, an intradermal formulation of growth factors, thymosin β4 and copper tripeptide-1 reduced hair fall on the hair pull test in 83% of patients.
In plain wordsIn patients with hair loss, an injected mix of growth factors and peptides reduced hair fall in 83% of patients.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseHair fall on hair pull test
Study
n = 1,000
Outcome group
Skin and hair · Skin and wound
Measurements
Patients with significant reduction in hair fall
83%
hair pull test
Source sentences
Summary
Significant reduction in hair fall was seen in 83% of the patients on hair pull test.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This was an open-label, prospective, single-arm interventional pilot study in which 1000 patients were given intradermal injections of a hair formulation into the scalp skin.
Summary · context
The formulation contains vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, thymosin β4, and copper tripeptide-1 suspended in a sterile injectable vehicle.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2948248108
09HumanNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In 1000 patients with hair loss, most patients on the growth factor, thymosin β4 and copper tripeptide-1 formulation had fewer vellus hairs on videomicroscopy.
In plain wordsIn patients with hair loss, an injected mix of growth factors and peptides lowered the number of fine vellus hairs in most patients.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseNumber of vellus hairs
Study
n = 1,000
Outcome group
Skin and hair · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
Videomicroscopic image evaluation showed that most patients had a decrease in the number of vellus hairs, increase in number of terminal hairs, and increase in shaft diameter.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This was an open-label, prospective, single-arm interventional pilot study in which 1000 patients were given intradermal injections of a hair formulation into the scalp skin.
Summary · context
The formulation contains vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, thymosin β4, and copper tripeptide-1 suspended in a sterile injectable vehicle.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2948248109
10HumanNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In 1000 patients with hair loss, most patients on the growth factor, thymosin β4 and copper tripeptide-1 formulation had more terminal hairs on videomicroscopy.
In plain wordsIn patients with hair loss, an injected mix of growth factors and peptides raised the number of thick terminal hairs in most patients.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseNumber of terminal hairs
Study
n = 1,000
Outcome group
Skin and hair · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
Videomicroscopic image evaluation showed that most patients had a decrease in the number of vellus hairs, increase in number of terminal hairs, and increase in shaft diameter.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This was an open-label, prospective, single-arm interventional pilot study in which 1000 patients were given intradermal injections of a hair formulation into the scalp skin.
Summary · context
The formulation contains vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, thymosin β4, and copper tripeptide-1 suspended in a sterile injectable vehicle.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2948248110
11HumanNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In 1000 patients with hair loss, most patients on the growth factor, thymosin β4 and copper tripeptide-1 formulation had greater hair shaft diameter on videomicroscopy.
In plain wordsIn patients with hair loss, an injected mix of growth factors and peptides thickened the hair shaft in most patients.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseHair shaft diameter
Study
n = 1,000
Outcome group
Skin and hair · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
Videomicroscopic image evaluation showed that most patients had a decrease in the number of vellus hairs, increase in number of terminal hairs, and increase in shaft diameter.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This was an open-label, prospective, single-arm interventional pilot study in which 1000 patients were given intradermal injections of a hair formulation into the scalp skin.
Summary · context
The formulation contains vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, thymosin β4, and copper tripeptide-1 suspended in a sterile injectable vehicle.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2948248111
12HumanNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In 1000 patients with hair loss, seventy-five percent believed that injections of the growth factor, thymosin β4 and copper tripeptide-1 formulation were aiding the treatment of their hair loss.
In plain wordsIn patients with hair loss, three quarters believed the injected mix of growth factors and peptides was helping.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicablePatient-reported benefit of the injections
Study
n = 1,000
Outcome group
Skin and hair · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
Seventy-five percent of the patients believed that the hair injections were aiding the treatment of their hair loss, and it was also beneficial in post-hair transplant patients.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This was an open-label, prospective, single-arm interventional pilot study in which 1000 patients were given intradermal injections of a hair formulation into the scalp skin.
Summary · context
The formulation contains vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, thymosin β4, and copper tripeptide-1 suspended in a sterile injectable vehicle.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2948248112
13HumanNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneNon-randomized trialSafety outcome
In 1000 patients with hair loss, treatment with the growth factor, thymosin β4 and copper tripeptide-1 formulation was well tolerated.
In plain wordsIn patients with hair loss, the injected mix of growth factors and peptides was well tolerated.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableTolerability of the hair formulation
Study
n = 1,000
Outcome group
Adverse events · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
Treatment was well tolerated.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This was an open-label, prospective, single-arm interventional pilot study in which 1000 patients were given intradermal injections of a hair formulation into the scalp skin.
Summary · context
The formulation contains vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, thymosin β4, and copper tripeptide-1 suspended in a sterile injectable vehicle.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2948248114
14HumanNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with hair loss, a statistically significant increase in total hair count continued at 1 year with the growth factor, thymosin β4 and copper tripeptide-1 formulation.
In plain wordsIn patients with hair loss, total hair count was still higher at 1 year after an injected mix of growth factors and peptides.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseTotal hair count at 1 year
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Skin and hair · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
At 1 year, a statistically significant increase in total hair count (P = 0.002) continued to be seen.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This was an open-label, prospective, single-arm interventional pilot study in which 1000 patients were given intradermal injections of a hair formulation into the scalp skin.
Summary · context
The formulation contains vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, thymosin β4, and copper tripeptide-1 suspended in a sterile injectable vehicle.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2948248113
15HumanNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In patients with hair loss, the intradermal growth factor, thymosin β4 and copper tripeptide-1 formulation was also reported to be beneficial in post-hair transplant patients.
In plain wordsIn patients after hair transplant, the injected mix of growth factors and peptides was also reported to be helpful.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableBenefit in post-hair transplant patients
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Skin and hair · Skin and wound
Source sentences
Summary
Seventy-five percent of the patients believed that the hair injections were aiding the treatment of their hair loss, and it was also beneficial in post-hair transplant patients.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
This was an open-label, prospective, single-arm interventional pilot study in which 1000 patients were given intradermal injections of a hair formulation into the scalp skin.
Summary · context
The formulation contains vascular endothelial growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, keratinocyte growth factor, thymosin β4, and copper tripeptide-1 suspended in a sterile injectable vehicle.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2948248115

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Versions 5 to 29Current
28 Oct 2026, 02:04 UTC
The same notice was added 25 times, first on 13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC. The status did not change between them.
Study results updated
Version 4
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 3
9 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
Study results updated
Version 2
9 Oct 2026, 03:03 UTC
Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC
Version 1
9 Oct 2026, 02:56 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Intradermal injections of a hair growth factor formulation for enhancement of human hair regrowth - safety and efficacy evaluation in a first-in-man pilot clinical study.

Summary

Results from this study15

Studies that did not test the peptide alone15

Version history

Subjects

Publication types

MeSH terms

Keywords