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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2018

2 results

Exendin-4-encapsulated dissolving microneedle arrays for efficient treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Fakhraei Lahiji S, Jang Y, Huh I, Yang H, Jang M, Jung H

Scientific reports18 Jan 2018Cited by 29 (Europe PMC)

PMID29348573 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC5773556 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1038/s41598-018-19789-x (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-29348573
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Summary

Dissolving microneedles (DMNs) are microscopic needles capable of delivering encapsulated compounds and releasing them into the skin in a minimally invasive manner. Most studies indicate that encapsulating therapeutics in DMNs is an efficacious approach; however, the importance of evaluating the activity of encapsulated compounds, during the fabrication process, has not been examined in detail. Conducting an analysis of thermal, chemical, and physical stress factors, including temperature, pH, and the interaction of the polymer and therapeutics mixture during preparation, is essential for retaining the activity of encapsulated therapeutics during and after fabrication. Here, we optimised the thermal, chemical, and physical parameters for the fabrication of exendin-4 (Ex-4)-encapsulated DMNs (Ex-4 DMNs). Ex-4, a peptide agonist of glucagon-like peptide (GLP) receptor, is used for glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our findings indicate that optimising the parameters involved in DMN fabrication retained the activity of Ex-4 by up to 98.3 ± 1.5%. Ex-4 DMNs reduced the blood-glucose level in diabetic mice with efficiency similar to that of a subcutaneous injection. We believe that this study paves way for the commercialisation of an efficient and minimally invasive treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study2

1 result from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In diabetic mice, Ex-4 microneedles reduced blood glucose with efficiency similar to subcutaneous injection.

    In plain wordsIn mice with diabetes, exendin microneedles lowered blood sugar similarly to an injection under the skin.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeBlood glucose
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    diabetic mice
    Comparator
    Subcutaneous injection
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Ex-4 DMNs reduced the blood-glucose level in diabetic mice with efficiency similar to that of a subcutaneous injection.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone1

In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  1. 02LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneIn vitro (cell-free)Activity measurement

    In laboratory fabrication tests, optimized dissolving microneedle preparation retained Ex-4 activity by up to 98.3 ± 1.5%.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, optimized microneedle production retained exendin activity.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    Not applicableActivity retained during fabrication
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Formulation, delivery and stability · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    Maximum activity retained
    98.3%
    optimized fabrication

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Our findings indicate that optimising the parameters involved in DMN fabrication retained the activity of Ex-4 by up to 98.3 ± 1.5%.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Here, we optimised the thermal, chemical, and physical parameters for the fabrication of exendin-4 (Ex-4)-encapsulated DMNs (Ex-4 DMNs).

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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