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Study · Randomized controlled trial · n = 30 · 2018

16 results

The effects of add-on exenatide to insulin on glycemic variability and hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Jiang LL, Wang SQ, Ding B, Zhu J, Jing T, Ye L, Lee KO, Wu JD, Ma JH

Journal of endocrinological investigation14 Oct 2017Cited by 23 (Europe PMC)

PMID29032494 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1007/s40618-017-0765-0 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-29032494
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
Jump to 16 results

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study16

16 results from studies that gave the peptide. 16 results from people.

  1. 01HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In type 1 diabetes, add-on exenatide reduced MAGE versus insulin alone.

    In plain wordsIn type 1 diabetes, add-on exenatide reduced glucose swing amplitude versus insulin alone.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseMean amplitude of glycemic excursion
    Study

    n = 30

    Comparator
    Insulin alone
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 4 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared with patients in group 2, the mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) and coefficient of variation (CV) of exenatide group decreased significantly.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    30 patients with T1DM were recruited and randomly assigned to exenatide + insulin-treated group (group 1, n = 15) or insulin-only-treated group (group 2, n = 15) for 4 weeks.
  2. 02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In type 1 diabetes, add-on exenatide reduced glucose CV versus insulin alone.

    In plain wordsIn type 1 diabetes, add-on exenatide reduced glucose variability versus insulin alone.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseGlucose coefficient of variation
    Study

    n = 30

    Comparator
    Insulin alone
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 4 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared with patients in group 2, the mean amplitude of glycemic excursion (MAGE) and coefficient of variation (CV) of exenatide group decreased significantly.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    30 patients with T1DM were recruited and randomly assigned to exenatide + insulin-treated group (group 1, n = 15) or insulin-only-treated group (group 2, n = 15) for 4 weeks.
  3. 03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In type 1 diabetes, body weight decreased after add-on exenatide treatment.

    In plain wordsIn type 1 diabetes, body weight decreased after add-on exenatide treatment.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseBody weight
    Study

    n = 15

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 4 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Patients in the exenatide group had significant reductions in body weight, body mass index (BMI), total insulin dose, bolus insulin dose, fructosamine, and glycemic excursion after 4 weeks' treatment.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    30 patients with T1DM were recruited and randomly assigned to exenatide + insulin-treated group (group 1, n = 15) or insulin-only-treated group (group 2, n = 15) for 4 weeks.
  4. 04HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In type 1 diabetes, BMI decreased after add-on exenatide treatment.

    In plain wordsIn type 1 diabetes, BMI decreased after add-on exenatide treatment.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseBody mass index
    Study

    n = 15

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 4 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Patients in the exenatide group had significant reductions in body weight, body mass index (BMI), total insulin dose, bolus insulin dose, fructosamine, and glycemic excursion after 4 weeks' treatment.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    30 patients with T1DM were recruited and randomly assigned to exenatide + insulin-treated group (group 1, n = 15) or insulin-only-treated group (group 2, n = 15) for 4 weeks.
  5. 05HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In type 1 diabetes, total insulin dose decreased after add-on exenatide treatment.

    In plain wordsIn type 1 diabetes, total insulin dose decreased after add-on exenatide treatment.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseTotal insulin dose
    Study

    n = 15

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 4 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Patients in the exenatide group had significant reductions in body weight, body mass index (BMI), total insulin dose, bolus insulin dose, fructosamine, and glycemic excursion after 4 weeks' treatment.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    30 patients with T1DM were recruited and randomly assigned to exenatide + insulin-treated group (group 1, n = 15) or insulin-only-treated group (group 2, n = 15) for 4 weeks.
  6. 06HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In type 1 diabetes, bolus insulin dose decreased after add-on exenatide treatment.

    In plain wordsIn type 1 diabetes, bolus insulin dose decreased after add-on exenatide treatment.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseBolus insulin dose
    Study

    n = 15

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 4 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Patients in the exenatide group had significant reductions in body weight, body mass index (BMI), total insulin dose, bolus insulin dose, fructosamine, and glycemic excursion after 4 weeks' treatment.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    30 patients with T1DM were recruited and randomly assigned to exenatide + insulin-treated group (group 1, n = 15) or insulin-only-treated group (group 2, n = 15) for 4 weeks.
  7. 07HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In type 1 diabetes, fructosamine decreased after add-on exenatide treatment.

    In plain wordsIn type 1 diabetes, fructosamine decreased after add-on exenatide treatment.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseFructosamine
    Study

    n = 15

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 4 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Patients in the exenatide group had significant reductions in body weight, body mass index (BMI), total insulin dose, bolus insulin dose, fructosamine, and glycemic excursion after 4 weeks' treatment.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    30 patients with T1DM were recruited and randomly assigned to exenatide + insulin-treated group (group 1, n = 15) or insulin-only-treated group (group 2, n = 15) for 4 weeks.
  8. 08HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In type 1 diabetes, glycemic excursion decreased after add-on exenatide treatment.

    In plain wordsIn type 1 diabetes, glucose swings decreased after add-on exenatide treatment.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseGlycemic excursion
    Study

    n = 15

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 4 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Patients in the exenatide group had significant reductions in body weight, body mass index (BMI), total insulin dose, bolus insulin dose, fructosamine, and glycemic excursion after 4 weeks' treatment.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    30 patients with T1DM were recruited and randomly assigned to exenatide + insulin-treated group (group 1, n = 15) or insulin-only-treated group (group 2, n = 15) for 4 weeks.
  9. 09HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In type 1 diabetes, arginine-stimulated glucagon decreased in the add-on exenatide group.

    In plain wordsIn type 1 diabetes, glucagon after arginine stimulation decreased in the add-on exenatide group.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseArginine-stimulated glucagon
    Study

    n = 15

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 4 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Similarly, a significant decrease of glucagon (GLC) in the arginine-stimulated test was found in group 1.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    30 patients with T1DM were recruited and randomly assigned to exenatide + insulin-treated group (group 1, n = 15) or insulin-only-treated group (group 2, n = 15) for 4 weeks.
  10. 10HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In type 1 diabetes, glucagon did not significantly change during hypoglycemic clamps in either treatment group.

    In plain wordsIn type 1 diabetes, glucagon did not significantly change during low-glucose tests in either treatment group.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeGlucagon during hypoglycemic clamp
    Study

    n = 12

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 4 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    No significant changes of GLC, growth hormone (GH), cortisol (COR), epinephrine (E), and norepinephrine (NE) were found in both groups during hypoglycemia clamp test.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Six patients from each group also had hypoglycemic clamp test to assess counter-regulatory hormone level.
    Summary · context
    30 patients with T1DM were recruited and randomly assigned to exenatide + insulin-treated group (group 1, n = 15) or insulin-only-treated group (group 2, n = 15) for 4 weeks.
  11. 11HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In type 1 diabetes, growth hormone did not significantly change during hypoglycemic clamps in either treatment group.

    In plain wordsIn type 1 diabetes, growth hormone did not significantly change during low-glucose tests in either treatment group.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeGrowth hormone during hypoglycemic clamp
    Study

    n = 12

    Outcome group
    Growth hormone and IGF-1 · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 4 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    No significant changes of GLC, growth hormone (GH), cortisol (COR), epinephrine (E), and norepinephrine (NE) were found in both groups during hypoglycemia clamp test.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Six patients from each group also had hypoglycemic clamp test to assess counter-regulatory hormone level.
    Summary · context
    30 patients with T1DM were recruited and randomly assigned to exenatide + insulin-treated group (group 1, n = 15) or insulin-only-treated group (group 2, n = 15) for 4 weeks.
  12. 12HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In type 1 diabetes, cortisol did not significantly change during hypoglycemic clamps in either treatment group.

    In plain wordsIn type 1 diabetes, cortisol did not significantly change during low-glucose tests in either treatment group.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeCortisol during hypoglycemic clamp
    Study

    n = 12

    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 4 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    No significant changes of GLC, growth hormone (GH), cortisol (COR), epinephrine (E), and norepinephrine (NE) were found in both groups during hypoglycemia clamp test.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Six patients from each group also had hypoglycemic clamp test to assess counter-regulatory hormone level.
    Summary · context
    30 patients with T1DM were recruited and randomly assigned to exenatide + insulin-treated group (group 1, n = 15) or insulin-only-treated group (group 2, n = 15) for 4 weeks.
  13. 13HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In type 1 diabetes, epinephrine did not significantly change during hypoglycemic clamps in either treatment group.

    In plain wordsIn type 1 diabetes, epinephrine did not significantly change during low-glucose tests in either treatment group.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeEpinephrine during hypoglycemic clamp
    Study

    n = 12

    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 4 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    No significant changes of GLC, growth hormone (GH), cortisol (COR), epinephrine (E), and norepinephrine (NE) were found in both groups during hypoglycemia clamp test.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Six patients from each group also had hypoglycemic clamp test to assess counter-regulatory hormone level.
    Summary · context
    30 patients with T1DM were recruited and randomly assigned to exenatide + insulin-treated group (group 1, n = 15) or insulin-only-treated group (group 2, n = 15) for 4 weeks.
  14. 14HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In type 1 diabetes, norepinephrine did not significantly change during hypoglycemic clamps in either treatment group.

    In plain wordsIn type 1 diabetes, norepinephrine did not significantly change during low-glucose tests in either treatment group.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeNorepinephrine during hypoglycemic clamp
    Study

    n = 12

    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 4 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    No significant changes of GLC, growth hormone (GH), cortisol (COR), epinephrine (E), and norepinephrine (NE) were found in both groups during hypoglycemia clamp test.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Six patients from each group also had hypoglycemic clamp test to assess counter-regulatory hormone level.
    Summary · context
    30 patients with T1DM were recruited and randomly assigned to exenatide + insulin-treated group (group 1, n = 15) or insulin-only-treated group (group 2, n = 15) for 4 weeks.
  15. 15HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In exenatide-treated type 1 diabetes patients with residual islet function, basic C-peptide trended upward during hypoglycemia.

    In plain wordsIn exenatide-treated patients with type 1 diabetes and residual islet function, basic C-peptide trended upward during low glucose.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseBasic C-peptide with residual islet function
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 4 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, patients who had residual islet function in group 1 showed an upward trend of basic C-peptide (C-P) and GLC during the hypoglycemia period.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    30 patients with T1DM were recruited and randomly assigned to exenatide + insulin-treated group (group 1, n = 15) or insulin-only-treated group (group 2, n = 15) for 4 weeks.
  16. 16HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In exenatide-treated type 1 diabetes patients with residual islet function, glucagon trended upward during hypoglycemia.

    In plain wordsIn exenatide-treated patients with type 1 diabetes and residual islet function, glucagon trended upward during low glucose.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseGlucagon with residual islet function
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Endocrine and hormones
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 4 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, patients who had residual islet function in group 1 showed an upward trend of basic C-peptide (C-P) and GLC during the hypoglycemia period.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    30 patients with T1DM were recruited and randomly assigned to exenatide + insulin-treated group (group 1, n = 15) or insulin-only-treated group (group 2, n = 15) for 4 weeks.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

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