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Study · Non-randomized trial · n = 12 · 2018

9 results

Oral supplementation with liposomal glutathione elevates body stores of glutathione and markers of immune function.

Sinha R, Sinha I, Calcagnotto A, Trushin N, Haley JS, Schell TD, Richie JP Jr

European journal of clinical nutrition30 Aug 2017Cited by 68 (Europe PMC)

PMID28853742 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC6389332 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1038/ejcn.2017.132 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-28853742
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study9

9 results from studies that gave the peptide. 9 results from people.

  1. 01HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy adults, liposomal GSH increased whole blood GSH, with a maximum increase of 40% after 2 weeks.

    In plain wordsIn healthy adults, liposomal glutathione increased blood glutathione from baseline, with a maximum increase of 40% after two weeks.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    IncreaseWhole blood GSH
    Study

    n = 12

    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Whole body
    Studied dose
    500 and 1000 mg per day · oral · 1 monthAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Whole blood GSH increase
    40%
    2 weeks
    P value for whole blood GSH increase
    < 0.05 NA
    whole blood GSH increase after 2 weeks versus baseline during liposomal GSH administration

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GSH levels were elevated after 1 week with maximum increases of 40% in whole blood, 25% in erythrocytes, 28% in plasma and 100% in PBMCs occurring after 2 weeks (P<0.05).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A 1-month pilot clinical study of oral liposomal GSH administration at two doses (500 and 1000 mg of GSH per day) was conducted in healthy adults.
    Summary · context
    GSH levels in whole blood, erythrocytes, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assessed in 12 subjects at the baseline and after 1, 2 and 4 weeks of GSH administration.
  2. 02HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy adults, liposomal GSH increased erythrocyte GSH by a maximum of 25% after 2 weeks.

    In plain wordsIn healthy adults, liposomal glutathione increased red blood cell glutathione from baseline by up to 25% after two weeks.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    IncreaseErythrocyte GSH
    Study

    n = 12

    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Whole body
    Studied dose
    500 and 1000 mg per day · oral · 1 monthAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Erythrocyte GSH increase
    25%
    2 weeks
    P value for Erythrocyte GSH change from baseline
    < 0.05 unitless
    Erythrocyte GSH increase from baseline after 2 weeks

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GSH levels were elevated after 1 week with maximum increases of 40% in whole blood, 25% in erythrocytes, 28% in plasma and 100% in PBMCs occurring after 2 weeks (P<0.05).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A 1-month pilot clinical study of oral liposomal GSH administration at two doses (500 and 1000 mg of GSH per day) was conducted in healthy adults.
    Summary · context
    GSH levels in whole blood, erythrocytes, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assessed in 12 subjects at the baseline and after 1, 2 and 4 weeks of GSH administration.
  3. 03HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy adults, liposomal GSH increased plasma GSH by a maximum of 28% after 2 weeks.

    In plain wordsIn healthy adults, liposomal glutathione increased plasma glutathione from baseline by up to 28% after two weeks.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    IncreasePlasma GSH
    Study

    n = 12

    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Whole body
    Studied dose
    500 and 1000 mg per day · oral · 1 monthAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Plasma GSH increase
    28%
    2 weeks
    P value for Plasma GSH change from baseline
    < 0.05 unitless
    Plasma GSH increase from baseline after 2 weeks

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GSH levels were elevated after 1 week with maximum increases of 40% in whole blood, 25% in erythrocytes, 28% in plasma and 100% in PBMCs occurring after 2 weeks (P<0.05).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A 1-month pilot clinical study of oral liposomal GSH administration at two doses (500 and 1000 mg of GSH per day) was conducted in healthy adults.
    Summary · context
    GSH levels in whole blood, erythrocytes, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assessed in 12 subjects at the baseline and after 1, 2 and 4 weeks of GSH administration.
  4. 04HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy adults, liposomal GSH increased PBMC GSH by a maximum of 100% after 2 weeks.

    In plain wordsIn healthy adults, liposomal glutathione increased immune cell glutathione from baseline by up to 100% after two weeks.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    IncreasePBMC GSH
    Study

    n = 12

    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Whole body
    Studied dose
    500 and 1000 mg per day · oral · 1 monthAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    PBMC GSH increase
    100%
    2 weeks
    P value for PBMC GSH change from baseline
    < 0.05 unitless
    PBMC GSH increase from baseline after 2 weeks

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GSH levels were elevated after 1 week with maximum increases of 40% in whole blood, 25% in erythrocytes, 28% in plasma and 100% in PBMCs occurring after 2 weeks (P<0.05).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A 1-month pilot clinical study of oral liposomal GSH administration at two doses (500 and 1000 mg of GSH per day) was conducted in healthy adults.
    Summary · context
    GSH levels in whole blood, erythrocytes, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assessed in 12 subjects at the baseline and after 1, 2 and 4 weeks of GSH administration.
  5. 05HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy adults, liposomal GSH reduced plasma 8-isoprostane by 35%.

    In plain wordsIn healthy adults, liposomal glutathione reduced plasma 8-isoprostane from baseline by 35%.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    DecreasePlasma 8-isoprostane
    Study

    n = 12

    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Whole body
    Studied dose
    500 and 1000 mg per day · oral · 1 monthAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Plasma 8-isoprostane decrease
    35%
    supplementation
    P value for Plasma 8-isoprostane change from baseline
    < 0.05 unitless
    Plasma 8-isoprostane decrease from baseline with liposomal GSH

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GSH increases were accompanied by reductions in oxidative stress biomarkers, including decreases of 35% in plasma 8-isoprostane and 20% in oxidized:reduced GSH ratios (P<0.05).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A 1-month pilot clinical study of oral liposomal GSH administration at two doses (500 and 1000 mg of GSH per day) was conducted in healthy adults.
    Summary · context
    GSH levels in whole blood, erythrocytes, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assessed in 12 subjects at the baseline and after 1, 2 and 4 weeks of GSH administration.
  6. 06HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy adults, liposomal GSH reduced oxidized:reduced GSH ratios by 20%.

    In plain wordsIn healthy adults, liposomal glutathione reduced the oxidized to reduced glutathione ratio from baseline by 20%.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    DecreaseOxidized:reduced GSH ratio
    Study

    n = 12

    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Whole body
    Studied dose
    500 and 1000 mg per day · oral · 1 monthAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Ratio decrease
    20%
    supplementation
    P value for Oxidized:reduced GSH ratio change from baseline
    < 0.05 unitless
    Oxidized:reduced GSH ratio decrease from baseline with liposomal GSH

    Source sentences

    Summary
    GSH increases were accompanied by reductions in oxidative stress biomarkers, including decreases of 35% in plasma 8-isoprostane and 20% in oxidized:reduced GSH ratios (P<0.05).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A 1-month pilot clinical study of oral liposomal GSH administration at two doses (500 and 1000 mg of GSH per day) was conducted in healthy adults.
    Summary · context
    GSH levels in whole blood, erythrocytes, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assessed in 12 subjects at the baseline and after 1, 2 and 4 weeks of GSH administration.
  7. 07HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy adults, liposomal GSH increased NK cell cytotoxicity by up to 400% by 2 weeks.

    In plain wordsIn healthy adults, liposomal glutathione increased natural killer cell activity from baseline by up to 400% by two weeks.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    IncreaseNK cell cytotoxicity
    Study

    n = 12

    Outcome group
    Immune response · Whole body
    Studied dose
    500 and 1000 mg per day · oral · 1 monthAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    NK cell cytotoxicity increase
    ≤ 400%
    2 weeks
    P value for NK cell cytotoxicity change from baseline
    < 0.05 unitless
    NK cell cytotoxicity increase from baseline by 2 weeks

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Enhancements in immune function markers were observed with liposomal GSH administration including Natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, which was elevated by up to 400% by 2 weeks (P<0.05), and lymphocyte proliferation, which was elevated by up to 60% after 2 weeks (P<0.05).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A 1-month pilot clinical study of oral liposomal GSH administration at two doses (500 and 1000 mg of GSH per day) was conducted in healthy adults.
    Summary · context
    GSH levels in whole blood, erythrocytes, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assessed in 12 subjects at the baseline and after 1, 2 and 4 weeks of GSH administration.
  8. 08HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy adults, liposomal GSH increased lymphocyte proliferation by up to 60% after 2 weeks.

    In plain wordsIn healthy adults, liposomal glutathione increased lymphocyte growth from baseline by up to 60% after two weeks.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    IncreaseLymphocyte proliferation
    Study

    n = 12

    Outcome group
    Immune response · Whole body
    Studied dose
    500 and 1000 mg per day · oral · 1 monthAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Lymphocyte proliferation increase
    ≤ 60%
    2 weeks
    P value for Lymphocyte proliferation change from baseline
    < 0.05 unitless
    Lymphocyte proliferation increase from baseline after 2 weeks

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Enhancements in immune function markers were observed with liposomal GSH administration including Natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity, which was elevated by up to 400% by 2 weeks (P<0.05), and lymphocyte proliferation, which was elevated by up to 60% after 2 weeks (P<0.05).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A 1-month pilot clinical study of oral liposomal GSH administration at two doses (500 and 1000 mg of GSH per day) was conducted in healthy adults.
    Summary · context
    GSH levels in whole blood, erythrocytes, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assessed in 12 subjects at the baseline and after 1, 2 and 4 weeks of GSH administration.
  9. 09HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In healthy adults, the study found no overall differences between liposomal GSH dose groups, with limited statistical power.

    In plain wordsIn healthy adults, results did not differ overall between glutathione dose groups, but the small study had limited statistical power.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    No significant changeOverall dose-group differences
    Study

    n = 12

    Comparator
    Other dose group (500 versus 1000 mg per day)
    Outcome group
    Overall treatment effect · Whole body
    Studied dose
    500 and 1000 mg per day · oral · 1 monthAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Overall, there were no differences observed between dose groups, but statistical power was limited due to the small sample size in this study.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    A 1-month pilot clinical study of oral liposomal GSH administration at two doses (500 and 1000 mg of GSH per day) was conducted in healthy adults.
    Summary · context
    GSH levels in whole blood, erythrocytes, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assessed in 12 subjects at the baseline and after 1, 2 and 4 weeks of GSH administration.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Registered trials1

Trials this study reports on, or that list this study as a reference. Registry data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

1 trial · 1 stopped early · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

WithdrawnNot applicableNCT04466657

Antioxidant Therapy for COVID-19 Study

Obafemi Awolowo Universityn = 0est. 1 Nov 2020 to est. 30 Apr 2021

Covid-19

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 8 Nov 2021

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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