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Study · Non-randomized trial · n = 15 · 2016

3 results

Central nervous system uptake of intranasal glutathione in Parkinson's disease.

Mischley LK, Conley KE, Shankland EG, Kavanagh TJ, Rosenfeld ME, Duda JE, White CC, Wilbur TK, De La Torre PU, Padowski JM

NPJ Parkinson's disease25 Feb 2016Cited by 60 (Europe PMC)

PMID28725693 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC5516583 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1038/npjparkd.2016.2 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-28725693
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Summary

Glutathione (GSH) is depleted early in the course of Parkinson's disease (PD), and deficiency has been shown to perpetuate oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired autophagy, and cell death. GSH repletion has been proposed as a therapeutic intervention. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether intranasally administered reduced GSH, (in)GSH, is capable of augmenting central nervous system GSH concentrations, as determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 15 participants with mid-stage PD. After baseline GSH measurement, 200 mg (in)GSH was self-administered inside the scanner without repositioning, then serial GSH levels were obtained over ~1 h. Statistical significance was determined by one-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Overall, (in)GSH increased brain GSH relative to baseline (P<0.001). There was no increase in GSH 8 min after administration, although it was significantly higher than baseline at all of the remaining time points (P<0.01). This study is the first to demonstrate that intranasal administration of GSH elevates brain GSH levels. This increase persists at least 1 h in subjects with PD. Further dose-response and steady-state administration studies will be required to optimize the dosing schedule for future trials to evaluate therapeutic efficacy.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study3

3 results from studies that gave the peptide. 3 results from people.

  1. 01HumanNon-randomized trialPharmacokinetics

    In mid-stage Parkinson's disease, intranasal GSH increased brain GSH relative to baseline.

    In plain wordsIn Parkinson's disease, intranasal GSH increased brain glutathione compared with baseline.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    IncreaseBrain GSH overall
    Study

    n = 15

    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    200 mg · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    P value for brain GSH versus baseline
    < 0.001 p value
    Brain GSH versus baseline, overall after intranasal GSH

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Overall, (in)GSH increased brain GSH relative to baseline (P<0.001).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The objective of this study was to evaluate whether intranasally administered reduced GSH, (in)GSH, is capable of augmenting central nervous system GSH concentrations, as determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 15 participants with mid-stage PD.
    Summary · context
    After baseline GSH measurement, 200 mg (in)GSH was self-administered inside the scanner without repositioning, then serial GSH levels were obtained over ~1 h.
  2. 02HumanNon-randomized trialPharmacokinetics

    In Parkinson's disease, brain GSH did not increase at 8 min after intranasal GSH.

    In plain wordsIn Parkinson's disease, brain glutathione did not increase at 8 min after intranasal GSH.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    No significant changeBrain GSH at 8 min
    Study

    n = 15

    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    200 mg · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    There was no increase in GSH 8 min after administration, although it was significantly higher than baseline at all of the remaining time points (P<0.01).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The objective of this study was to evaluate whether intranasally administered reduced GSH, (in)GSH, is capable of augmenting central nervous system GSH concentrations, as determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 15 participants with mid-stage PD.
    Summary · context
    After baseline GSH measurement, 200 mg (in)GSH was self-administered inside the scanner without repositioning, then serial GSH levels were obtained over ~1 h.
  3. 03HumanNon-randomized trialPharmacokinetics

    In Parkinson's disease, brain GSH was higher than baseline at all remaining time points after intranasal GSH.

    In plain wordsIn Parkinson's disease, intranasal GSH increased brain glutathione at the remaining measurement times compared with baseline.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    IncreaseBrain GSH at remaining time points
    Study

    n = 15

    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    200 mg · intranasalAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    P value for brain GSH versus baseline
    < 0.01 p value
    Brain GSH versus baseline at all remaining time points after the 8-minute measurement

    Source sentences

    Summary
    There was no increase in GSH 8 min after administration, although it was significantly higher than baseline at all of the remaining time points (P<0.01).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The objective of this study was to evaluate whether intranasally administered reduced GSH, (in)GSH, is capable of augmenting central nervous system GSH concentrations, as determined by magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 15 participants with mid-stage PD.
    Summary · context
    After baseline GSH measurement, 200 mg (in)GSH was self-administered inside the scanner without repositioning, then serial GSH levels were obtained over ~1 h.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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