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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · mouse and rat · 2017

9 results

Effects of exogenous thymosin β4 on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury and fibrosis.

Li X, Wang L, Chen C

Scientific reports19 Jul 2017Cited by 28 (Europe PMC)

PMID28724974 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC5517632 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1038/s41598-017-06318-5 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-28724974
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Summary

The present study investigated the effects of exogenous thymosin β4 (TB4) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury and fibrosis in rodent animals. Results showed that both in mice and rats CCl4 rendered significant increases in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, hepatic malondialdehyde formation, decreases in antioxidants including superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and up-regulated expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, α-smooth muscle actin, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in the liver tissues. Hydroxyproline contents in the rat livers were increased by CCl4. Histopathological examinations indicated that CCl4 induced extensive necrosis in mice livers and pseudo-lobule formations, collagen deposition in rats livers. However, all these changes in mice and rats were significantly attenuated by exogenous TB4 treatment. Furthermore, up-regulations of nuclear factor-κB p65 protein expression by CCl4 treatment in mice and rats livers were also remarkably reduced by exogenous TB4 administration. Taken together, findings in this study suggested that exogenous TB4 might prevent CCl4-induced acute liver injury and subsequent fibrosis through alleviating oxidative stress and inflammation.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study9

9 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice and rats with CCl4-induced liver injury, exogenous TB4 attenuated the CCl4-induced increases in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase.

    In plain wordsIn mice and rats with liver injury, thymosin beta‑4 reduced the rise in liver enzymes caused by the toxin.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseSerum ALT and AST
    Study

    mouse and ratn: not reported in source

    CCl4-induced acute liver injury and fibrosis
    Comparator
    CCl4 without TB4
    Outcome group
    Liver fat and liver function · Liver
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, all these changes in mice and rats were significantly attenuated by exogenous TB4 treatment.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    significant increases in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase
    Summary · context
    The present study investigated the effects of exogenous thymosin β4 (TB4) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury and fibrosis in rodent animals.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice and rats with CCl4-induced liver injury, exogenous TB4 attenuated the CCl4-induced rise in hepatic malondialdehyde formation.

    In plain wordsIn mice and rats with liver injury, thymosin beta‑4 reduced the toxin-induced rise in a marker of oxidative damage in the liver.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseHepatic malondialdehyde
    Study

    mouse and ratn: not reported in source

    CCl4-induced acute liver injury and fibrosis
    Comparator
    CCl4 without TB4
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Liver
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, all these changes in mice and rats were significantly attenuated by exogenous TB4 treatment.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    hepatic malondialdehyde formation, decreases in antioxidants including superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and up-regulated expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, α-smooth muscle actin, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in the liver tissues.
    Summary · context
    The present study investigated the effects of exogenous thymosin β4 (TB4) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury and fibrosis in rodent animals.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice and rats with CCl4-induced liver injury, exogenous TB4 attenuated the CCl4-induced decreases in the antioxidants superoxide dismutase and glutathione.

    In plain wordsIn mice and rats with liver injury, thymosin beta‑4 limited the toxin-induced fall in natural antioxidants.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseHepatic superoxide dismutase and glutathione
    Study

    mouse and ratn: not reported in source

    CCl4-induced acute liver injury and fibrosis
    Comparator
    CCl4 without TB4
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Liver
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, all these changes in mice and rats were significantly attenuated by exogenous TB4 treatment.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    decreases in antioxidants including superoxide dismutase and glutathione
    Summary · context
    The present study investigated the effects of exogenous thymosin β4 (TB4) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury and fibrosis in rodent animals.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice and rats with CCl4-induced liver injury, exogenous TB4 attenuated the CCl4-induced up-regulation of TGF-β1 and α-smooth muscle actin in liver tissue.

    In plain wordsIn mice and rats with liver injury, thymosin beta‑4 reduced the toxin-induced rise in two fibrosis markers in the liver.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseHepatic TGF-β1 and α-SMA expression
    Study

    mouse and ratn: not reported in source

    CCl4-induced acute liver injury and fibrosis
    Comparator
    CCl4 without TB4
    Outcome group
    Liver fat and liver function · Liver
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, all these changes in mice and rats were significantly attenuated by exogenous TB4 treatment.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    up-regulated expressions of transforming growth factor-β1, α-smooth muscle actin
    Summary · context
    The present study investigated the effects of exogenous thymosin β4 (TB4) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury and fibrosis in rodent animals.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice and rats with CCl4-induced liver injury, exogenous TB4 attenuated the CCl4-induced up-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in liver tissue.

    In plain wordsIn mice and rats with liver injury, thymosin beta‑4 reduced the toxin-induced rise in two inflammation markers in the liver.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseHepatic TNF-α and IL-1β expression
    Study

    mouse and ratn: not reported in source

    CCl4-induced acute liver injury and fibrosis
    Comparator
    CCl4 without TB4
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Liver
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, all these changes in mice and rats were significantly attenuated by exogenous TB4 treatment.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β in the liver tissues
    Summary · context
    The present study investigated the effects of exogenous thymosin β4 (TB4) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury and fibrosis in rodent animals.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with CCl4-induced liver injury, exogenous TB4 attenuated the CCl4-induced increase in liver hydroxyproline.

    In plain wordsIn rats with liver injury, thymosin beta‑4 reduced the toxin-induced rise in liver collagen content.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseHepatic hydroxyproline content in rats
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    CCl4-induced acute liver injury and fibrosis
    Comparator
    CCl4 without TB4
    Outcome group
    Liver fat and liver function · Liver
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, all these changes in mice and rats were significantly attenuated by exogenous TB4 treatment.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Hydroxyproline contents in the rat livers were increased by CCl4.
    Summary · context
    The present study investigated the effects of exogenous thymosin β4 (TB4) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury and fibrosis in rodent animals.
  7. 07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with CCl4-induced liver injury, exogenous TB4 attenuated the extensive liver necrosis seen on histology.

    In plain wordsIn mice with liver injury, thymosin beta‑4 reduced the liver tissue death caused by the toxin.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseLiver necrosis in mice
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    CCl4-induced acute liver injury and fibrosis
    Comparator
    CCl4 without TB4
    Outcome group
    Liver fat and liver function · Liver
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, all these changes in mice and rats were significantly attenuated by exogenous TB4 treatment.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Histopathological examinations indicated that CCl4 induced extensive necrosis in mice livers
    Summary · context
    The present study investigated the effects of exogenous thymosin β4 (TB4) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury and fibrosis in rodent animals.
  8. 08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In rats with CCl4-induced liver injury, exogenous TB4 attenuated pseudo-lobule formation and collagen deposition in the liver.

    In plain wordsIn rats with liver injury, thymosin beta‑4 reduced scar-like changes in the liver caused by the toxin.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreasePseudo-lobule formation and collagen deposition in rats
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    CCl4-induced acute liver injury and fibrosis
    Comparator
    CCl4 without TB4
    Outcome group
    Liver fat and liver function · Liver
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    However, all these changes in mice and rats were significantly attenuated by exogenous TB4 treatment.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    pseudo-lobule formations, collagen deposition in rats livers.
    Summary · context
    The present study investigated the effects of exogenous thymosin β4 (TB4) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury and fibrosis in rodent animals.
  9. 09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice and rats with CCl4-induced liver injury, exogenous TB4 reduced the CCl4-induced up-regulation of NF-κB p65 protein in liver.

    In plain wordsIn mice and rats with liver injury, thymosin beta‑4 reduced the toxin-induced rise in an inflammation signalling protein in the liver.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseHepatic NF-κB p65 protein expression
    Study

    mouse and ratn: not reported in source

    CCl4-induced acute liver injury and fibrosis
    Comparator
    CCl4 without TB4
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Liver
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, up-regulations of nuclear factor-κB p65 protein expression by CCl4 treatment in mice and rats livers were also remarkably reduced by exogenous TB4 administration.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The present study investigated the effects of exogenous thymosin β4 (TB4) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury and fibrosis in rodent animals.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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