Thymosin Beta-4 Is Elevated in Women With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction.

Drum CL, Tan WKY, Chan SP, Pakkiri LS, Chong JPC, Liew OW, Ng TP, Ling LH, Sim D, Leong KG, Yeo DPS, Ong HY and 12 more

Show all authors

Jaufeerally F, Wong RCC, Chai P, Low AF, Davidsson P, Liljeblad M, Söderling AS, Gan LM, Bhat RV, Purnamawati K, Lam CSP, Richards AM

Journal of the American Heart Association13 Jun 2017Cited by 13 (Europe PMC)

PMID28611096PMCIDPMC5669175DOI10.1161/jaha.117.005586PepBankPUB-28611096

Read at source PubMedAsk about this study

Jump to 7 results

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study7

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured7

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

01HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
In adults with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, plasma TB4 levels were higher than in controls.
In plain wordsIn people with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, the body's own TB4 in blood was higher than in people without heart failure.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreasePlasma TB4 in HFpEF versus controls
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Non-HF controls
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Plasma TB4
985 ng/mL
controls
Plasma TB4
1401 ng/mL
HFpEF
Source sentences
Summary
Compared with controls, plasma TB4 was elevated in HFpEF (985 [421-1723] ng/mL versus 1401 [720-2379] ng/mL, PP=0.642).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
TB4 was measured using a liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry assay in age- and sex-matched HFpEF (n=219), HFrEF (n=219) patients, and controls (n=219) from a prospective nationwide study.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2861109601
02HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
In adults with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, plasma TB4 levels did not differ significantly from controls.
In plain wordsIn people with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, the body's own TB4 in blood was not clearly different from people without heart failure.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
No significant changePlasma TB4 in HFrEF versus controls
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Non-HF controls
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Plasma TB4
1106 ng/mL
HFrEF
Source sentences
Summary
Compared with controls, plasma TB4 was elevated in HFpEF (985 [421-1723] ng/mL versus 1401 [720-2379] ng/mL, PP=0.642).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
TB4 was measured using a liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry assay in age- and sex-matched HFpEF (n=219), HFrEF (n=219) patients, and controls (n=219) from a prospective nationwide study.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2861109602
03HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
In women with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, plasma TB4 levels were higher than in female controls.
In plain wordsIn women with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, the body's own TB4 in blood was higher than in women without heart failure.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreasePlasma TB4 in women with HFpEF
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Female controls
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Plasma TB4
1623 ng/mL
women with HFpEF
Plasma TB4
942 ng/mL
female controls
Source sentences
Summary
Stratifying by sex, only women (1623 [1040-2625] ng/mL versus 942 [386-1891] ng/mL, PP=1.0), had significantly elevated TB4 in the setting of HFpEF.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
TB4 was measured using a liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry assay in age- and sex-matched HFpEF (n=219), HFrEF (n=219) patients, and controls (n=219) from a prospective nationwide study.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2861109603
04HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
In men with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, plasma TB4 levels did not differ significantly from male controls.
In plain wordsIn men with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, the body's own TB4 in blood was not clearly different from men without heart failure.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
No significant changePlasma TB4 in men with HFpEF
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Male controls
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
Stratifying by sex, only women (1623 [1040-2625] ng/mL versus 942 [386-1891] ng/mL, PP=1.0), had significantly elevated TB4 in the setting of HFpEF.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
TB4 was measured using a liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry assay in age- and sex-matched HFpEF (n=219), HFrEF (n=219) patients, and controls (n=219) from a prospective nationwide study.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2861109604
05HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
In women with heart failure, elevated plasma TB4 was linked to a higher adjusted hazard of all-cause mortality.
In plain wordsIn women with heart failure, higher natural TB4 levels were linked to a higher risk of death from any cause.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseAll-cause mortality hazard with elevated TB4 in women with HF
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Mortality · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Hazard ratio
1.668
women with HF, elevated TB4
Source sentences
Summary
Adjusted for New York Heart Association class, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, age, and myocardial infarction, hazard ratio to all-cause mortality is significantly higher in women with elevated TB4 (1.668, P=0.036), but not in men (0.791, P=0.456) with HF.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
TB4 was measured using a liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry assay in age- and sex-matched HFpEF (n=219), HFrEF (n=219) patients, and controls (n=219) from a prospective nationwide study.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2861109605
06HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther
In men with heart failure, elevated plasma TB4 was not significantly linked to the adjusted hazard of all-cause mortality.
In plain wordsIn men with heart failure, natural TB4 levels were not clearly linked to the risk of death from any cause.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
No significant changeAll-cause mortality hazard with elevated TB4 in men with HF
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Mortality · Cardiovascular
Measurements
Hazard ratio
0.791
men with HF, elevated TB4
Source sentences
Summary
Adjusted for New York Heart Association class, N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, age, and myocardial infarction, hazard ratio to all-cause mortality is significantly higher in women with elevated TB4 (1.668, P=0.036), but not in men (0.791, P=0.456) with HF.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
TB4 was measured using a liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry assay in age- and sex-matched HFpEF (n=219), HFrEF (n=219) patients, and controls (n=219) from a prospective nationwide study.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2861109606
07HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyMechanism
In the study population, plasma TB4 was strongly correlated with a cluster of 7 markers that are X-linked, regulated by sex hormones or involved in NF-κB signaling.
In plain wordsIn the study population, the body's own TB4 was linked to a group of 7 other blood markers.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableCorrelation of TB4 with proximity extension assay markers
Study
n: not reported in source
Outcome group
Endogenous peptide levels · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
TB4 is strongly correlated with a cluster of 7 markers from the proximity extension assay panel, which are either X-linked, regulated by sex hormones, or involved with NF-κB signaling.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
TB4 was measured using a liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry assay in age- and sex-matched HFpEF (n=219), HFrEF (n=219) patients, and controls (n=219) from a prospective nationwide study.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2861109607

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.