Exendin-4 inhibits structural remodeling and improves Ca²⁺ homeostasis in rats with heart failure via the GLP-1 receptor through the eNOS/cGMP/PKG pathway.

Chen J, Wang D, Wang F, Shi S, Chen Y, Yang B, Tang Y, Huang C

Peptides24 Feb 2017Cited by 47 (Europe PMC)

PMID28242257DOI10.1016/j.peptides.2017.02.008PepBankPUB-28242257

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study17

16 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with myocardial infarction, exendin‑4 decreased infarct size.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart attacks, exendin‑4 decreased the damaged heart area.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseMyocardial infarct size
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Post-myocardial-infarction heart failure
Comparator
MI hearts
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Exendin-4 treatment decreased MI size, suppressed chamber dilation, myocyte hypertrophy, and fibrosis and improved in vivo heart function in the rats subjected to MI.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Disturbances in calcium cycling are characteristic of heart failure (HF); therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exendin-4 (a GLP-1 mimetic) on the regulation of calcium handling and to identify the underlying mechanisms in an HF rat model after myocardial infarction (MI).
Summary · context
Rats underwent surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery or sham surgery prior to infusion with vehicle, exendin-4, or exendin-4 and exendin9-39 for 4 weeks.
Report a problemFND-2824225701
02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with myocardial infarction, exendin‑4 suppressed chamber dilation.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart attacks, exendin‑4 suppressed heart chamber enlargement.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseChamber dilation
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Post-myocardial-infarction heart failure
Comparator
MI hearts
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Exendin-4 treatment decreased MI size, suppressed chamber dilation, myocyte hypertrophy, and fibrosis and improved in vivo heart function in the rats subjected to MI.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Disturbances in calcium cycling are characteristic of heart failure (HF); therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exendin-4 (a GLP-1 mimetic) on the regulation of calcium handling and to identify the underlying mechanisms in an HF rat model after myocardial infarction (MI).
Summary · context
Rats underwent surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery or sham surgery prior to infusion with vehicle, exendin-4, or exendin-4 and exendin9-39 for 4 weeks.
Report a problemFND-2824225702
03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with myocardial infarction, exendin‑4 suppressed myocyte hypertrophy.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart attacks, exendin‑4 suppressed heart muscle cell enlargement.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseMyocyte hypertrophy
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Post-myocardial-infarction heart failure
Comparator
MI hearts
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Exendin-4 treatment decreased MI size, suppressed chamber dilation, myocyte hypertrophy, and fibrosis and improved in vivo heart function in the rats subjected to MI.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Disturbances in calcium cycling are characteristic of heart failure (HF); therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exendin-4 (a GLP-1 mimetic) on the regulation of calcium handling and to identify the underlying mechanisms in an HF rat model after myocardial infarction (MI).
Summary · context
Rats underwent surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery or sham surgery prior to infusion with vehicle, exendin-4, or exendin-4 and exendin9-39 for 4 weeks.
Report a problemFND-2824225703
04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with myocardial infarction, exendin‑4 suppressed fibrosis.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart attacks, exendin‑4 suppressed heart scarring.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseCardiac fibrosis
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Post-myocardial-infarction heart failure
Comparator
MI hearts
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Exendin-4 treatment decreased MI size, suppressed chamber dilation, myocyte hypertrophy, and fibrosis and improved in vivo heart function in the rats subjected to MI.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Disturbances in calcium cycling are characteristic of heart failure (HF); therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exendin-4 (a GLP-1 mimetic) on the regulation of calcium handling and to identify the underlying mechanisms in an HF rat model after myocardial infarction (MI).
Summary · context
Rats underwent surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery or sham surgery prior to infusion with vehicle, exendin-4, or exendin-4 and exendin9-39 for 4 weeks.
Report a problemFND-2824225704
05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In rats with myocardial infarction, exendin‑4 improved in vivo heart function.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart attacks, exendin‑4 improved heart function.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseHeart function
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Post-myocardial-infarction heart failure
Comparator
MI hearts
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Exendin-4 treatment decreased MI size, suppressed chamber dilation, myocyte hypertrophy, and fibrosis and improved in vivo heart function in the rats subjected to MI.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Disturbances in calcium cycling are characteristic of heart failure (HF); therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exendin-4 (a GLP-1 mimetic) on the regulation of calcium handling and to identify the underlying mechanisms in an HF rat model after myocardial infarction (MI).
Summary · context
Rats underwent surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery or sham surgery prior to infusion with vehicle, exendin-4, or exendin-4 and exendin9-39 for 4 weeks.
Report a problemFND-2824225705
06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats with heart failure, exendin‑4 increased circulating GLP-1.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, exendin‑4 increased circulating GLP-1.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseCirculating GLP-1
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Post-myocardial-infarction heart failure
Comparator
MI hearts
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Exendin-4 resulted in an increase in circulating GLP-1 and GLP-1R in ventricular tissues.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Disturbances in calcium cycling are characteristic of heart failure (HF); therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exendin-4 (a GLP-1 mimetic) on the regulation of calcium handling and to identify the underlying mechanisms in an HF rat model after myocardial infarction (MI).
Summary · context
Rats underwent surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery or sham surgery prior to infusion with vehicle, exendin-4, or exendin-4 and exendin9-39 for 4 weeks.
Report a problemFND-2824225706
07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats with heart failure, exendin‑4 increased ventricular GLP-1R.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, exendin‑4 increased GLP-1 receptors in heart tissue.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseVentricular GLP-1R
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Post-myocardial-infarction heart failure
Comparator
MI hearts
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Exendin-4 resulted in an increase in circulating GLP-1 and GLP-1R in ventricular tissues.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Disturbances in calcium cycling are characteristic of heart failure (HF); therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exendin-4 (a GLP-1 mimetic) on the regulation of calcium handling and to identify the underlying mechanisms in an HF rat model after myocardial infarction (MI).
Summary · context
Rats underwent surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery or sham surgery prior to infusion with vehicle, exendin-4, or exendin-4 and exendin9-39 for 4 weeks.
Report a problemFND-2824225707
08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats with heart failure, exendin‑4 activated eNOS/cGMP/PKG signaling.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, exendin‑4 activated the eNOS/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseeNOS/cGMP/PKG signaling
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Post-myocardial-infarction heart failure
Comparator
MI hearts
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Additionally, exendin-4 activated the eNOS/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway and inhibited the Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) pathways.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Disturbances in calcium cycling are characteristic of heart failure (HF); therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exendin-4 (a GLP-1 mimetic) on the regulation of calcium handling and to identify the underlying mechanisms in an HF rat model after myocardial infarction (MI).
Summary · context
Rats underwent surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery or sham surgery prior to infusion with vehicle, exendin-4, or exendin-4 and exendin9-39 for 4 weeks.
Report a problemFND-2824225708
09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats with heart failure, exendin‑4 inhibited CaMKII pathways.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, exendin‑4 inhibited CaMKII signaling pathways.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseCaMKII signaling
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Post-myocardial-infarction heart failure
Comparator
MI hearts
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Additionally, exendin-4 activated the eNOS/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway and inhibited the Ca²⁺/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) pathways.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Disturbances in calcium cycling are characteristic of heart failure (HF); therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exendin-4 (a GLP-1 mimetic) on the regulation of calcium handling and to identify the underlying mechanisms in an HF rat model after myocardial infarction (MI).
Summary · context
Rats underwent surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery or sham surgery prior to infusion with vehicle, exendin-4, or exendin-4 and exendin9-39 for 4 weeks.
Report a problemFND-2824225709
10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In myocytes from exendin‑4-treated rat hearts, calcium transients were higher than in MI hearts.
In plain wordsIn rats, heart cells from exendin‑4-treated hearts had higher calcium transients than cells from MI hearts.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseMyocyte calcium transients
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Post-myocardial-infarction heart failure
Comparator
MI hearts
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Myocytes isolated from exendin-4-treated hearts displayed higher Ca²⁺ transients, higher sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ content, and higher l-type Ca²⁺ current densities than MI hearts.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Disturbances in calcium cycling are characteristic of heart failure (HF); therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exendin-4 (a GLP-1 mimetic) on the regulation of calcium handling and to identify the underlying mechanisms in an HF rat model after myocardial infarction (MI).
Summary · context
Rats underwent surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery or sham surgery prior to infusion with vehicle, exendin-4, or exendin-4 and exendin9-39 for 4 weeks.
Report a problemFND-2824225710
11AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In myocytes from exendin‑4-treated rat hearts, sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content was higher than in MI hearts.
In plain wordsIn rats, heart cells from exendin‑4-treated hearts stored more calcium than cells from MI hearts.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseSarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Post-myocardial-infarction heart failure
Comparator
MI hearts
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Myocytes isolated from exendin-4-treated hearts displayed higher Ca²⁺ transients, higher sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ content, and higher l-type Ca²⁺ current densities than MI hearts.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Disturbances in calcium cycling are characteristic of heart failure (HF); therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exendin-4 (a GLP-1 mimetic) on the regulation of calcium handling and to identify the underlying mechanisms in an HF rat model after myocardial infarction (MI).
Summary · context
Rats underwent surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery or sham surgery prior to infusion with vehicle, exendin-4, or exendin-4 and exendin9-39 for 4 weeks.
Report a problemFND-2824225711
12AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In myocytes from exendin‑4-treated rat hearts, l-type calcium current densities were higher than in MI hearts.
In plain wordsIn rats, heart cells from exendin‑4-treated hearts had higher l-type calcium current densities than cells from MI hearts.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseL-type calcium current density
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Post-myocardial-infarction heart failure
Comparator
MI hearts
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Myocytes isolated from exendin-4-treated hearts displayed higher Ca²⁺ transients, higher sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ content, and higher l-type Ca²⁺ current densities than MI hearts.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Disturbances in calcium cycling are characteristic of heart failure (HF); therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exendin-4 (a GLP-1 mimetic) on the regulation of calcium handling and to identify the underlying mechanisms in an HF rat model after myocardial infarction (MI).
Summary · context
Rats underwent surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery or sham surgery prior to infusion with vehicle, exendin-4, or exendin-4 and exendin9-39 for 4 weeks.
Report a problemFND-2824225712
13AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats with heart failure, exendin‑4 restored SERCA2a protein expression.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, exendin‑4 restored SERCA2a protein expression.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Direction not reportedSERCA2a expression
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Post-myocardial-infarction heart failure
Comparator
MI hearts
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Exendin-4 treatment restored the protein expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ uptake ATPase (SERCA2a), phosphorylated phospholamban (PLB) and Cav1.2 and decreased the levels of phosphorylated ryanodine receptor (RyR).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Disturbances in calcium cycling are characteristic of heart failure (HF); therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exendin-4 (a GLP-1 mimetic) on the regulation of calcium handling and to identify the underlying mechanisms in an HF rat model after myocardial infarction (MI).
Summary · context
Rats underwent surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery or sham surgery prior to infusion with vehicle, exendin-4, or exendin-4 and exendin9-39 for 4 weeks.
Report a problemFND-2824225713
14AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats with heart failure, exendin‑4 restored phosphorylated phospholamban expression.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, exendin‑4 restored phosphorylated phospholamban expression.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Direction not reportedPhosphorylated phospholamban expression
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Post-myocardial-infarction heart failure
Comparator
MI hearts
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Exendin-4 treatment restored the protein expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ uptake ATPase (SERCA2a), phosphorylated phospholamban (PLB) and Cav1.2 and decreased the levels of phosphorylated ryanodine receptor (RyR).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Disturbances in calcium cycling are characteristic of heart failure (HF); therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exendin-4 (a GLP-1 mimetic) on the regulation of calcium handling and to identify the underlying mechanisms in an HF rat model after myocardial infarction (MI).
Summary · context
Rats underwent surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery or sham surgery prior to infusion with vehicle, exendin-4, or exendin-4 and exendin9-39 for 4 weeks.
Report a problemFND-2824225714
15AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats with heart failure, exendin‑4 restored Cav1.2 protein expression.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, exendin‑4 restored Cav1.2 protein expression.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Direction not reportedCav1.2 expression
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Post-myocardial-infarction heart failure
Comparator
MI hearts
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Exendin-4 treatment restored the protein expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ uptake ATPase (SERCA2a), phosphorylated phospholamban (PLB) and Cav1.2 and decreased the levels of phosphorylated ryanodine receptor (RyR).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Disturbances in calcium cycling are characteristic of heart failure (HF); therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exendin-4 (a GLP-1 mimetic) on the regulation of calcium handling and to identify the underlying mechanisms in an HF rat model after myocardial infarction (MI).
Summary · context
Rats underwent surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery or sham surgery prior to infusion with vehicle, exendin-4, or exendin-4 and exendin9-39 for 4 weeks.
Report a problemFND-2824225715
16AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats with heart failure, exendin‑4 decreased phosphorylated ryanodine receptor levels.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, exendin‑4 decreased phosphorylated ryanodine receptor levels.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreasePhosphorylated ryanodine receptor
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Post-myocardial-infarction heart failure
Comparator
MI hearts
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (rat).
Source sentences
Summary
Exendin-4 treatment restored the protein expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca²⁺ uptake ATPase (SERCA2a), phosphorylated phospholamban (PLB) and Cav1.2 and decreased the levels of phosphorylated ryanodine receptor (RyR).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Disturbances in calcium cycling are characteristic of heart failure (HF); therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exendin-4 (a GLP-1 mimetic) on the regulation of calcium handling and to identify the underlying mechanisms in an HF rat model after myocardial infarction (MI).
Summary · context
Rats underwent surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery or sham surgery prior to infusion with vehicle, exendin-4, or exendin-4 and exendin9-39 for 4 weeks.
Report a problemFND-2824225716

Studies that did not test the peptide alone1

In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

17AnimalNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In rats with heart failure, exendin9-39 significantly inhibited the favorable effects of exendin‑4.
In plain wordsIn rats with heart failure, exendin9-39 inhibited exendin‑4 benefits compared with exendin‑4 alone.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseGLP-1 receptor antagonist blockade
Study
ratn: not reported in source
Post-myocardial-infarction heart failure
Comparator
Exendin-4 alone
Outcome group
Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
Moreover, the favorable effects of exendin-4 were significantly inhibited by exendin9-39 (a GLP-1 receptor antagonist).
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Disturbances in calcium cycling are characteristic of heart failure (HF); therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exendin-4 (a GLP-1 mimetic) on the regulation of calcium handling and to identify the underlying mechanisms in an HF rat model after myocardial infarction (MI).
Summary · context
Rats underwent surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery or sham surgery prior to infusion with vehicle, exendin-4, or exendin-4 and exendin9-39 for 4 weeks.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-2824225717

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.

Exendin-4 inhibits structural remodeling and improves Ca²⁺ homeostasis in rats with heart failure via the GLP-1 receptor through the eNOS/cGMP/PKG pathway.

Summary

Results from this study17

Studies that did not test the peptide alone1

Version history

Subjects

Publication types

MeSH terms

Keywords