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Study · Randomized controlled trial · n = 911 · 2017

7 results

Upper and/or lower gastrointestinal adverse events with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: Incidence and consequences.

Horowitz M, Aroda VR, Han J, Hardy E, Rayner CK

Diabetes, obesity & metabolism17 Feb 2017Cited by 67 (Europe PMC)

PMID28058769 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC5412849 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1111/dom.12872 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-28058769
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC-ND. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study7

2 results from studies that gave the peptide. 2 results from people.

  1. 01HumanRandomized controlled trialSafety outcome

    In patients, more patients on liraglutide than on exenatide once weekly reported gastrointestinal adverse events.

    In plain wordsIn patients, more people on liraglutide than on exenatide once weekly reported stomach and gut side effects.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    IncreasePatients with gastrointestinal adverse events
    Study

    n = 911

    Comparator
    Exenatide once weekly
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Gastrointestinal AE incidence
    41%
    liraglutide
    Gastrointestinal AE incidence
    25%
    exenatide once weekly

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Fewer exenatide once-weekly-treated vs exenatide twice-daily- or liraglutide-treated patients reported gastrointestinal AEs (34% vs 45% and 25% vs 41%, respectively; both P  < .0001).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Data from three studies comparing exenatide once weekly (n = 617) with exenatide twice daily (n = 606) were pooled, and one (DURATION-6) comparing exenatide once weekly (n = 461) with liraglutide (n = 450) was analysed separately.
  2. 02HumanRandomized controlled trialSafety outcome

    In patients, combined upper and lower gastrointestinal events were more frequent with liraglutide than with exenatide once weekly.

    In plain wordsIn patients, liraglutide caused more combined upper and lower gut side effects than exenatide once weekly.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    IncreaseCombined upper plus lower gastrointestinal events
    Study

    n = 911

    Comparator
    Exenatide once weekly
    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 6 monthsAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Fewer exenatide once-weekly-treated patients reported upper plus lower events than liraglutide-treated patients ( P  < .001)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Data from three studies comparing exenatide once weekly (n = 617) with exenatide twice daily (n = 606) were pooled, and one (DURATION-6) comparing exenatide once weekly (n = 461) with liraglutide (n = 450) was analysed separately.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone5

In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  1. 03HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialSafety outcome

    In patients, nausea was the most common gastrointestinal adverse event across all treatments, liraglutide included.

    In plain wordsIn patients, nausea was the most common stomach or gut side effect with every treatment.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableMost common gastrointestinal adverse event
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Nausea was the most common gastrointestinal AE for all treatments.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Data from three studies comparing exenatide once weekly (n = 617) with exenatide twice daily (n = 606) were pooled, and one (DURATION-6) comparing exenatide once weekly (n = 461) with liraglutide (n = 450) was analysed separately.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  2. 04HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialSafety outcome

    Within each treatment group, more women than men reported gastrointestinal adverse events; the result covers all treatments.

    In plain wordsIn each treatment group, more women than men reported stomach and gut side effects.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableSex difference in gastrointestinal adverse events
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Within each group, more women than men reported gastrointestinal AEs.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Data from three studies comparing exenatide once weekly (n = 617) with exenatide twice daily (n = 606) were pooled, and one (DURATION-6) comparing exenatide once weekly (n = 461) with liraglutide (n = 450) was analysed separately.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  3. 05HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialSafety outcome

    Gastrointestinal adverse events occurred early and were mostly mild; the result covers all treatments.

    In plain wordsStomach and gut side effects happened early and were mostly mild with all treatments.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableTiming and severity of gastrointestinal adverse events
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Gastrointestinal adverse events · Gastrointestinal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Events occurrred early and were predominantly mild.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Data from three studies comparing exenatide once weekly (n = 617) with exenatide twice daily (n = 606) were pooled, and one (DURATION-6) comparing exenatide once weekly (n = 461) with liraglutide (n = 450) was analysed separately.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  4. 06HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    Glycated haemoglobin reductions were similar for patients with or without gastrointestinal adverse events; the result covers all treatments.

    In plain wordsBlood sugar control improved by a similar amount in patients with and without gut side effects, across all treatments.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeHbA1c reduction with or without gastrointestinal adverse events
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Glycated haemoglobin reductions were similar for patients with or without gastrointestinal AEs.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Data from three studies comparing exenatide once weekly (n = 617) with exenatide twice daily (n = 606) were pooled, and one (DURATION-6) comparing exenatide once weekly (n = 461) with liraglutide (n = 450) was analysed separately.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

  5. 07HumanNot a test of Liraglutide aloneRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In DURATION-6, which compared exenatide once weekly with liraglutide, weight loss did not differ between patients with and without gastrointestinal adverse events.

    In plain wordsIn the trial that compared exenatide once weekly with liraglutide, weight loss was similar with or without gut side effects.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeWeight loss with or without gastrointestinal adverse events in DURATION-6
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Body weight · Metabolic and weight

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Weight loss was greater for patients with gastrointestinal AEs with exenatide once weekly and exenatide twice daily ( P  < .05); no difference was observed in DURATION-6.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Data from three studies comparing exenatide once weekly (n = 617) with exenatide twice daily (n = 606) were pooled, and one (DURATION-6) comparing exenatide once weekly (n = 461) with liraglutide (n = 450) was analysed separately.

    In this study, Liraglutide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Liraglutide.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    12 Oct 2026, 12:10 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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