Exenatide improves β-cell function up to 3 years of treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial.

van Raalte DH, Bunck MC, Smits MM, Hoekstra T, Cornér A, Diamant M, Eliasson B, Marja-RiittaTaskinen, Heine RJ, Smith U, HanneleYki-Järvinen, Mari A

European journal of endocrinology27 Jul 2016Cited by 26 (Europe PMC)

PMID27466218DOI10.1530/eje-16-0286PepBankPUB-27466218

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study8

5 results from studies that gave the peptide. 5 results from people.

01HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In type 2 diabetes patients, only exenatide sustained improved beta-cell glucose sensitivity for 3 years, unlike insulin glargine.
In plain wordsIn patients with diabetes, exenatide sustained improved glucose sensitivity for 3 years, unlike insulin glargine.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseSustained beta-cell glucose sensitivity
Study
n = 36
Comparator
Insulin glargine
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 3 yearsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
However, only EXE treatment sustained this improvement for 3 years.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Both treatments improved β-cell glucose sensitivity after 1-year treatment.
Summary · context
Sixty-nine metformin-treated type 2 diabetes patients were randomised to the GLP1 receptor agonist, exenatide (EXE) twice daily (BID) or to insulin glargine (GLAR).
Report a problemFND-2746621806
02HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In metformin-treated type 2 diabetes patients, HbA1c was comparable with exenatide and insulin glargine after 3 years.
In plain wordsIn patients with diabetes, HbA1c was similar with exenatide and insulin glargine after 3 years.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
No significant changeHbA1c at three years
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Insulin glargine
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 3 yearsAs given in this study (human).
Measurements
HbA1c
6.6%
exenatide
HbA1c
6.9%
glargine
Source sentences
Summary
After 3 years, groups had comparable glycaemic control (HbA1c: EXE 6.6 ± 0.2% and GLAR 6.9 ± 0.2%; P = 0.216).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Sixty-nine metformin-treated type 2 diabetes patients were randomised to the GLP1 receptor agonist, exenatide (EXE) twice daily (BID) or to insulin glargine (GLAR).
Report a problemFND-2746621801
03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome
In type 2 diabetes patients, exenatide reduced post-breakfast glucose more than insulin glargine at 1 and 3 years.
In plain wordsIn patients with diabetes, exenatide lowered blood sugar after breakfast more than insulin glargine at 1 and 3 years.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreasePost-breakfast glucose
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Insulin glargine
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 3 yearsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Compared with GLAR, at 1 and 3 years, EXE induced a stronger reduction in post-breakfast glucose concentrations (P < 0.001), with lower C-peptide levels (P < 0.001).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Sixty-nine metformin-treated type 2 diabetes patients were randomised to the GLP1 receptor agonist, exenatide (EXE) twice daily (BID) or to insulin glargine (GLAR).
Report a problemFND-2746621802
04HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In type 2 diabetes patients, exenatide produced lower post-breakfast C-peptide than insulin glargine at 1 and 3 years.
In plain wordsIn patients with diabetes, C-peptide after breakfast was lower with exenatide than insulin glargine at 1 and 3 years.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreasePost-breakfast C-peptide
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Insulin glargine
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 3 yearsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Compared with GLAR, at 1 and 3 years, EXE induced a stronger reduction in post-breakfast glucose concentrations (P < 0.001), with lower C-peptide levels (P < 0.001).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Sixty-nine metformin-treated type 2 diabetes patients were randomised to the GLP1 receptor agonist, exenatide (EXE) twice daily (BID) or to insulin glargine (GLAR).
Report a problemFND-2746621803
05HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In type 2 diabetes patients, exenatide increased insulin secretion at 8 mmol/L glucose compared with insulin glargine throughout treatment.
In plain wordsIn patients with diabetes, exenatide increased insulin release at matched blood sugar compared with insulin glargine.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseInsulin secretion at fixed glucose
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Insulin glargine
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
Dose not stated · 3 yearsAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
Compared with GLAR, EXE increased insulin secretion at 8 mmol/L glucose throughout the study period (P < 0.01).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Sixty-nine metformin-treated type 2 diabetes patients were randomised to the GLP1 receptor agonist, exenatide (EXE) twice daily (BID) or to insulin glargine (GLAR).
Report a problemFND-2746621804

Studies that did not test the peptide alone3

In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

06HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In type 2 diabetes patients, beta-cell glucose sensitivity improved after one year with both exenatide and insulin glargine.
In plain wordsIn patients with diabetes, insulin-producing cells became more sensitive to glucose with both exenatide and insulin glargine compared with baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
IncreaseBeta-cell glucose sensitivity at one year
Study
n = 59
Comparator
Baseline
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
Both treatments improved β-cell glucose sensitivity after 1-year treatment.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Sixty-nine metformin-treated type 2 diabetes patients were randomised to the GLP1 receptor agonist, exenatide (EXE) twice daily (BID) or to insulin glargine (GLAR).
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-2746621805
07HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In type 2 diabetes patients receiving exenatide or insulin glargine, rate sensitivity showed no consistent change.
In plain wordsIn patients with diabetes receiving exenatide or insulin glargine, rate sensitivity showed no consistent change from baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Direction not reportedRate sensitivity
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Baseline
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
No consistent changes in other β-cell parameters including rate sensitivity and potentiation were observed.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Sixty-nine metformin-treated type 2 diabetes patients were randomised to the GLP1 receptor agonist, exenatide (EXE) twice daily (BID) or to insulin glargine (GLAR).
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-2746621807
08HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneRandomized controlled trialMechanism
In type 2 diabetes patients receiving exenatide or insulin glargine, potentiation showed no consistent change.
In plain wordsIn patients with diabetes receiving exenatide or insulin glargine, potentiation showed no consistent change from baseline.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Direction not reportedPotentiation
Study
n: not reported in source
Comparator
Baseline
Outcome group
Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
Source sentences
Summary
No consistent changes in other β-cell parameters including rate sensitivity and potentiation were observed.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Sixty-nine metformin-treated type 2 diabetes patients were randomised to the GLP1 receptor agonist, exenatide (EXE) twice daily (BID) or to insulin glargine (GLAR).
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Report a problemFND-2746621808

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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