Skip to content

Study · In vitro (cells) · rat · 2016

8 results

[Nle4, D-Phe7]-α-MSH Inhibits Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)2- and TLR4-Induced Microglial Activation and Promotes a M2-Like Phenotype.

Carniglia L, Ramírez D, Durand D, Saba J, Caruso C, Lasaga M

PloS one30 Jun 2016Cited by 23 (Europe PMC)

PMID27359332 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC4928783 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1371/journal.pone.0158564 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-27359332
Download PDFPubMedAsk about this study
Jump to 8 results

Summary

α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is an anti-inflammatory peptide, proved to be beneficial in many neuroinflammatory disorders acting through melanocortin receptor 4 (MC4R). We previously determined that rat microglial cells express MC4R and that NDP-MSH, an analog of α-MSH, induces PPAR-γ expression and IL-10 release in these cells. Given the great importance of modulation of glial activation in neuroinflammatory disorders, we tested the ability of NDP-MSH to shape microglial phenotype and to modulate Toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated inflammatory responses. Primary rat cultured microglia were stimulated with NDP-MSH followed by the TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 or the TLR4 agonist LPS. NDP-MSH alone induced expression of the M2a/M2c marker Ag1 and reduced expression of the M2b marker Il-4rα and of the LPS receptor Tlr4. Nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunits p65 and c-Rel was induced by LPS and these effects were partially prevented by NDP-MSH. NDP-MSH reduced LPS- and Pam3CSK4-induced TNF-α release but did not affect TLR-induced IL-10 release. Also, NDP-MSH inhibited TLR2-induced HMGB1 translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm and TLR2-induced phagocytic activity. Our data show that NDP-MSH inhibits TLR2- and TLR4-mediated proinflammatory mechanisms and promotes microglial M2-like polarization, supporting melanocortins as useful tools for shaping microglial activation towards an alternative immunomodulatory phenotype.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study8

8 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In primary rat microglia, NDP-MSH alone induced expression of the M2a/M2c marker Ag1.

    In plain wordsIn rat cells, NDP-MSH raised a marker of an anti-inflammatory microglia state.

    Peptide
    Melanotan I (afamelanotide)
    Outcome
    IncreaseAg1 expression
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    primary rat cultured microglia
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    NDP-MSH alone induced expression of the M2a/M2c marker Ag1
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Primary rat cultured microglia were stimulated with NDP-MSH followed by the TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 or the TLR4 agonist LPS.
  2. 02LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In primary rat microglia, NDP-MSH alone reduced expression of the M2b marker Il-4ra.

    In plain wordsIn rat cells, NDP-MSH lowered a marker of the M2b microglia state.

    Peptide
    Melanotan I (afamelanotide)
    Outcome
    DecreaseIl-4ra expression
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    primary rat cultured microglia
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    NDP-MSH alone induced expression of the M2a/M2c marker Ag1 and reduced expression of the M2b marker Il-4rα and of the LPS receptor Tlr4.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Primary rat cultured microglia were stimulated with NDP-MSH followed by the TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 or the TLR4 agonist LPS.
  3. 03LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In primary rat microglia, NDP-MSH alone reduced expression of the LPS receptor Tlr4.

    In plain wordsIn rat cells, NDP-MSH lowered expression of the LPS receptor Tlr4.

    Peptide
    Melanotan I (afamelanotide)
    Outcome
    DecreaseTlr4 expression
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    primary rat cultured microglia
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    NDP-MSH alone induced expression of the M2a/M2c marker Ag1 and reduced expression of the M2b marker Il-4rα and of the LPS receptor Tlr4.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Primary rat cultured microglia were stimulated with NDP-MSH followed by the TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 or the TLR4 agonist LPS.
  4. 04LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In primary rat microglia, NDP-MSH partially prevented the LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-kB subunits p65 and c-Rel.

    In plain wordsIn rat cells, NDP-MSH partly blocked the inflammatory NF-kB signal caused by LPS.

    Peptide
    Melanotan I (afamelanotide)
    Outcome
    DecreaseLPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-kB p65 and c-Rel
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    primary rat cultured microglia
    Comparator
    LPS alone
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Nuclear translocation of NF-κB subunits p65 and c-Rel was induced by LPS and these effects were partially prevented by NDP-MSH.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Primary rat cultured microglia were stimulated with NDP-MSH followed by the TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 or the TLR4 agonist LPS.
  5. 05LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In primary rat microglia, NDP-MSH reduced TNF-alpha release induced by LPS and Pam3CSK4.

    In plain wordsIn rat cells, NDP-MSH lowered TNF-alpha release triggered by LPS and Pam3CSK4.

    Peptide
    Melanotan I (afamelanotide)
    Outcome
    DecreaseLPS- and Pam3CSK4-induced TNF-alpha release
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    primary rat cultured microglia
    Comparator
    LPS or Pam3CSK4 alone
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    NDP-MSH reduced LPS- and Pam3CSK4-induced TNF-α release
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Primary rat cultured microglia were stimulated with NDP-MSH followed by the TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 or the TLR4 agonist LPS.
  6. 06LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In primary rat microglia, NDP-MSH did not affect TLR-induced IL-10 release.

    In plain wordsIn rat cells, NDP-MSH did not change IL-10 release triggered by TLR stimulation.

    Peptide
    Melanotan I (afamelanotide)
    Outcome
    No significant changeTLR-induced IL-10 release
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    primary rat cultured microglia
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    but did not affect TLR-induced IL-10 release.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Primary rat cultured microglia were stimulated with NDP-MSH followed by the TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 or the TLR4 agonist LPS.
  7. 07LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In primary rat microglia, NDP-MSH inhibited TLR2-induced HMGB1 translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm.

    In plain wordsIn rat cells, NDP-MSH blocked movement of HMGB1 out of the nucleus caused by TLR2 stimulation.

    Peptide
    Melanotan I (afamelanotide)
    Outcome
    DecreaseTLR2-induced HMGB1 translocation
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    primary rat cultured microglia
    Comparator
    TLR2 agonist alone
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Also, NDP-MSH inhibited TLR2-induced HMGB1 translocation from nucleus to cytoplasm
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Primary rat cultured microglia were stimulated with NDP-MSH followed by the TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 or the TLR4 agonist LPS.
  8. 08LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In primary rat microglia, NDP-MSH inhibited TLR2-induced phagocytic activity.

    In plain wordsIn rat cells, NDP-MSH lowered the phagocytosis triggered by TLR2 stimulation.

    Peptide
    Melanotan I (afamelanotide)
    Outcome
    DecreaseTLR2-induced phagocytic activity
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    primary rat cultured microglia
    Comparator
    TLR2 agonist alone
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    and TLR2-induced phagocytic activity.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Primary rat cultured microglia were stimulated with NDP-MSH followed by the TLR2 agonist Pam3CSK4 or the TLR4 agonist LPS.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 21:44 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    13 Oct 2026, 16:31 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

PepBank is a research reference. Talk to a doctor before you use any peptide.