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Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2016

3 results

Auxotrophic Actinobacillus pleurpneumoniae grows in multispecies biofilms without the need for nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) supplementation.

Loera-Muro A, Jacques M, Avelar-González FJ, Labrie J, Tremblay YD, Oropeza-Navarro R, Guerrero-Barrera AL

BMC microbiology27 Jun 2016Cited by 13 (Europe PMC)

PMID27349384 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC4924255 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1186/s12866-016-0742-3 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-27349384
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Summary

BackgroundActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiologic agent of porcine contagious pleuropneumonia, which causes important worldwide economic losses in the swine industry. Several respiratory tract infections are associated with biofilm formation, and A. pleuropneumoniae has the ability to form biofilms in vitro. Biofilms are structured communities of bacterial cells enclosed in a self-produced polymer matrix that are attached to an abiotic or biotic surface. Virtually all bacteria can grow as a biofilm, and multi-species biofilms are the most common form of microbial growth in nature. The goal of this study was to determine the ability of A. pleuropneumoniae to form multi-species biofilms with other bacteria frequently founded in pig farms, in the absence of pyridine compounds (nicotinamide mononucleotide [NMN], nicotinamide riboside [NR] or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NAD]) that are essential for the growth of A. pleuropneumoniae.ResultsFor the biofilm assay, strain 719, a field isolate of A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 1, was mixed with swine isolates of Streptococcus suis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli, and deposited in 96-well microtiter plates. Based on the CFU results, A. pleuropneumoniae was able to grow with every species tested in the absence of pyridine compounds in the culture media. Interestingly, A. pleuropneumoniae was also able to form strong biofilms when mixed with S. suis, B. bronchiseptica or S. aureus. In the presence of E. coli, A. pleuropneumoniae only formed a weak biofilm. The live and dead populations, and the matrix composition of multi-species biofilms were also characterized using fluorescent markers and enzyme treatments. The results indicated that poly-N-acetyl-glucosamine remains the primary component responsible for the biofilm structure.ConclusionsIn conclusion, A. pleuropneumoniae apparently is able to satisfy the requirement of pyridine compounds through of other swine pathogens by cross-feeding, which enables A. pleuropneumoniae to grow and form multi-species biofilms.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study3

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone3

In this study, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).

  1. 01LabNot a test of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) aloneIn vitro (cells)Activity measurement

    In bacterial cultures, A. pleuropneumoniae grew with every tested species without pyridine compounds, including NAD, in the media.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, A. pleuropneumoniae grew with each tested bacterial species without NAD or other pyridine supplementation.

    Peptide
    NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
    Outcome
    Not applicableGrowth without pyridine supplementation
    Study

    Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaen: not reported in source

    multispecies bacterial biofilms without pyridine compounds
    Outcome group
    Infection and antimicrobial activity · Infection

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Based on the CFU results, A. pleuropneumoniae was able to grow with every species tested in the absence of pyridine compounds in the culture media.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    For the biofilm assay, strain 719, a field isolate of A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 1, was mixed with swine isolates of Streptococcus suis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli, and deposited in 96-well microtiter plates.

    In this study, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).

  2. 02LabNot a test of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) aloneIn vitro (cells)Activity measurement

    In cultures without pyridine compounds, A. pleuropneumoniae formed strong biofilms with S. suis, B. bronchiseptica or S. aureus.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests without pyridine supplementation, A. pleuropneumoniae formed strong biofilms with S. suis, B. bronchiseptica or S. aureus.

    Peptide
    NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
    Outcome
    Not applicableStrong multispecies biofilm formation
    Study

    Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaen: not reported in source

    multispecies bacterial biofilms without pyridine compounds
    Outcome group
    Infection and antimicrobial activity · Infection

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Interestingly, A. pleuropneumoniae was also able to form strong biofilms when mixed with S. suis, B. bronchiseptica or S. aureus.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    For the biofilm assay, strain 719, a field isolate of A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 1, was mixed with swine isolates of Streptococcus suis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli, and deposited in 96-well microtiter plates.

    In this study, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).

  3. 03LabNot a test of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) aloneIn vitro (cells)Activity measurement

    In cultures without pyridine compounds, A. pleuropneumoniae formed only a weak biofilm with E. coli.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests without pyridine supplementation, A. pleuropneumoniae formed only a weak biofilm with E. coli.

    Peptide
    NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
    Outcome
    Not applicableWeak biofilm with E. coli
    Study

    Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniaen: not reported in source

    multispecies bacterial biofilms without pyridine compounds
    Outcome group
    Infection and antimicrobial activity · Infection

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In the presence of E. coli, A. pleuropneumoniae only formed a weak biofilm.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    For the biofilm assay, strain 719, a field isolate of A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 1, was mixed with swine isolates of Streptococcus suis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Pasteurella multocida, Staphylococcus aureus or Escherichia coli, and deposited in 96-well microtiter plates.

    In this study, NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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