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Study · Case report or series · n = 1 · 2016

12 results

Qualitative identification of growth hormone-releasing hormones in human plasma by means of immunoaffinity purification and LC-HRMS/MS.

Knoop A, Thomas A, Fichant E, Delahaut P, Schänzer W, Thevis M

Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry15 Feb 2016Cited by 29 (Europe PMC)

PMID26879649 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC4830873 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1007/s00216-016-9377-3 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-26879649
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Summary

The use of growth hormone-releasing hormones (GHRHs) is prohibited in sports according to the regulations of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). The aim of the present study was to develop a method for the simultaneous detection of four different GHRHs and respective metabolites from human plasma by means of immunoaffinity purification and subsequent nano-ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-high resolution/high accuracy (tandem) mass spectrometry. The target analytes included Geref (Sermorelin), CJC-1293, CJC-1295, and Egrifta (Tesamorelin) as well as two metabolites of Geref and CJC-1293, which were captured from plasma samples using a polyclonal GHRH antibody in concert with protein A/G monolithic MSIA™ D.A.R.T.'S® (Disposable Automation Research Tips) prior to separation and detection. The method was fully validated and found to be fit for purpose considering the parameters specificity, linearity, recovery (19-37%), lower limit of detection (<50 pg/mL), imprecision (<20%), and ion suppression/enhancement effects. The analytes' stability and metabolism were elucidated using in vitro and in vivo approaches. EDTA blood samples were collected from rats 2, 4, and 8 h after intravenous administration of GHRH (one compound per test animal). All intact substances were detected for at least 4 h but no anticipated metabolite was confirmed in laboratory rodents' samples; conversely, a Geref metabolite (GHRH3-29) was found in a human plasma sample collected after subcutaneous injection of the drug to a healthy male volunteer. The obtained results demonstrate that GHRHs are successfully detected in plasma using an immunoaffinity-mass spectrometry-based method, which can be applied to sports drug testing samples. Further studies are however required and warranted to account for potential species-related differences in metabolism and elimination of the target analytes.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study12

5 results from studies that gave the peptide. 1 result from people.

  1. 01HumanCase report or seriesPharmacokinetics

    A Geref (sermorelin) metabolite, GHRH3-29, was found in a human plasma sample collected after subcutaneous injection of the drug to a healthy male volunteer.

    In plain wordsIn one healthy man, a breakdown product of sermorelin was found in blood after an injection under the skin.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    Not applicableGeref metabolite GHRH3-29 in human plasma
    Study

    n = 1

    Outcome group
    Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · subcutaneousAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    conversely, a Geref metabolite (GHRH3-29) was found in a human plasma sample collected after subcutaneous injection of the drug to a healthy male volunteer
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics

    In rats given GHRH analogues intravenously, intact substances including CJC‑1295 were detected in plasma for at least 4 h.

    In plain wordsIn rats, the intact peptide, including CJC‑1295, could be found in blood for at least 4 hours after injection.

    Peptide
    CJC-1295 (with DAC)
    Outcome
    Not applicableDetection of intact peptide in rat plasma
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Rats, EDTA blood
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (rat).

    Measurements

    Detection time
    ≥ 4 h
    rat plasma

    Source sentences

    Summary
    All intact substances were detected for at least 4 h
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    EDTA blood samples were collected from rats 2, 4, and 8 h after intravenous administration of GHRH (one compound per test animal).
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics

    In rats given GHRH analogues intravenously, no anticipated metabolite of CJC‑1295 was confirmed in plasma samples.

    In plain wordsIn rats, no expected breakdown product of CJC‑1295 was confirmed in blood samples.

    Peptide
    CJC-1295 (with DAC)
    Outcome
    No significant changeMetabolites in rat plasma
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Rats, EDTA blood
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    but no anticipated metabolite was confirmed in laboratory rodents' samples
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    EDTA blood samples were collected from rats 2, 4, and 8 h after intravenous administration of GHRH (one compound per test animal).
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics

    In rats given GHRH analogues intravenously, intact substances including tesamorelin were detected in plasma for at least 4 h.

    In plain wordsIn rats, the intact peptide, including tesamorelin, could be found in blood for at least 4 hours after injection.

    Peptide
    Tesamorelin
    Outcome
    Not applicableDetection of intact peptide in rat plasma
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Rats, EDTA blood
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (rat).

    Measurements

    Detection time
    ≥ 4 h
    rat plasma

    Source sentences

    Summary
    All intact substances were detected for at least 4 h
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    EDTA blood samples were collected from rats 2, 4, and 8 h after intravenous administration of GHRH (one compound per test animal).
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics

    In rats given GHRH analogues intravenously, no anticipated metabolite of tesamorelin was confirmed in plasma samples.

    In plain wordsIn rats, no expected breakdown product of tesamorelin was confirmed in blood samples.

    Peptide
    Tesamorelin
    Outcome
    No significant changeMetabolites in rat plasma
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Rats, EDTA blood
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (rat).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    but no anticipated metabolite was confirmed in laboratory rodents' samples
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    EDTA blood samples were collected from rats 2, 4, and 8 h after intravenous administration of GHRH (one compound per test animal).

Studies that did not test the peptide alone7

In this study, the peptide was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking the peptide.

  1. 06AnimalNot a test of Sermorelin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics

    After intravenous administration of four GHRHs (one compound per rat), all intact substances were detected in rat blood for at least 4 h.

    In plain wordsIn rats given one of four GHRH peptides, all the intact peptides were still found in blood after at least 4 hours.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    Not applicableDetection of intact GHRHs in rat plasma
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Rats, EDTA blood samples
    Outcome group
    Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    Detection time
    ≥ 4 h
    rat plasma

    Source sentences

    Summary
    EDTA blood samples were collected from rats 2, 4, and 8 h after intravenous administration of GHRH (one compound per test animal).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    All intact substances were detected for at least 4 h
    Summary · context
    The aim of the present study was to develop a method for the simultaneous detection of four different GHRHs and respective metabolites from human plasma by means of immunoaffinity purification and subsequent nano-ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-high resolution/high accuracy (tandem) mass spectrometry.

    In this study, Sermorelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Sermorelin.

  2. 07AnimalNot a test of Sermorelin aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics

    In rats given four GHRHs, no anticipated metabolite was confirmed in plasma samples.

    In plain wordsIn rats given four GHRH peptides, none of the expected breakdown products was confirmed in blood.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    Not applicableMetabolites in rat plasma
    Study

    ratn: not reported in source

    Rats, EDTA blood samples
    Outcome group
    Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology

    Source sentences

    Summary
    EDTA blood samples were collected from rats 2, 4, and 8 h after intravenous administration of GHRH (one compound per test animal).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    but no anticipated metabolite was confirmed in laboratory rodents' samples
    Summary · context
    The aim of the present study was to develop a method for the simultaneous detection of four different GHRHs and respective metabolites from human plasma by means of immunoaffinity purification and subsequent nano-ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-high resolution/high accuracy (tandem) mass spectrometry.

    In this study, Sermorelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Sermorelin.

  3. 08LabNot a test of CJC-1295 (with DAC) aloneOther designOther

    An immunoaffinity LC-HRMS/MS method for GHRHs including CJC‑1295 in human plasma had recovery of 19-37 %, a lower limit of detection below 50 pg/mL and imprecision below 20 %.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, a plasma method could detect CJC‑1295 and related peptides, with recovery of 19-37 %.

    Peptide
    CJC-1295 (with DAC)
    Outcome
    Not applicableMethod validation in plasma
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Human plasma
    Outcome group
    Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    Recovery
    19 to 37%
    human plasma
    Lower limit of detection
    < 50 pg/mL
    human plasma
    Imprecision
    < 20%
    human plasma

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The method was fully validated and found to be fit for purpose considering the parameters specificity, linearity, recovery (19-37%), lower limit of detection (<50 pg/mL), imprecision (<20%), and ion suppression/enhancement effects.

    In this study, CJC-1295 (with DAC) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking CJC-1295 (with DAC).

  4. 09LabNot a test of Tesamorelin aloneOther designOther

    An immunoaffinity LC-HRMS/MS method for GHRHs including tesamorelin in human plasma had recovery of 19-37 %, a lower limit of detection below 50 pg/mL and imprecision below 20 %.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, a plasma method could detect tesamorelin and related peptides, with recovery of 19-37 %.

    Peptide
    Tesamorelin
    Outcome
    Not applicableMethod validation in plasma
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Human plasma
    Outcome group
    Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    Recovery
    19 to 37%
    human plasma
    Lower limit of detection
    < 50 pg/mL
    human plasma
    Imprecision
    < 20%
    human plasma

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The method was fully validated and found to be fit for purpose considering the parameters specificity, linearity, recovery (19-37%), lower limit of detection (<50 pg/mL), imprecision (<20%), and ion suppression/enhancement effects.

    In this study, Tesamorelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Tesamorelin.

  5. 10LabNot a test of Sermorelin aloneOther designOther

    An immunoaffinity LC-HRMS/MS method for GHRHs including Geref (sermorelin) had a lower limit of detection below 50 pg/mL in human plasma.

    In plain wordsA lab method detected sermorelin and related peptides in plasma at less than 50 pg/mL.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    Not applicableLimit of detection in plasma
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    LLOD
    < 50 pg/mL
    GHRHs in human plasma

    Source sentences

    Summary
    lower limit of detection (<50 pg/mL)
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The aim of the present study was to develop a method for the simultaneous detection of four different GHRHs and respective metabolites from human plasma by means of immunoaffinity purification and subsequent nano-ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-high resolution/high accuracy (tandem) mass spectrometry.

    In this study, Sermorelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Sermorelin.

  6. 11LabNot a test of Sermorelin aloneOther designOther

    The method had recovery of 19-37% for GHRHs including Geref (sermorelin) from plasma.

    In plain wordsThe lab method recovered 19 to 37 percent of sermorelin and related peptides from plasma.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    Not applicableRecovery from plasma
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    Recovery
    19 to 37%
    GHRHs in plasma

    Source sentences

    Summary
    recovery (19-37%), lower limit of detection (<50 pg/mL), imprecision (<20%), and ion suppression/enhancement effects.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The aim of the present study was to develop a method for the simultaneous detection of four different GHRHs and respective metabolites from human plasma by means of immunoaffinity purification and subsequent nano-ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-high resolution/high accuracy (tandem) mass spectrometry.

    In this study, Sermorelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Sermorelin.

  7. 12LabNot a test of Sermorelin aloneOther designOther

    The method had imprecision below 20%.

    In plain wordsThe lab method gave repeatable results, with variation below 20 percent.

    Peptide
    Sermorelin
    Outcome
    Not applicableImprecision
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Analytical methods and detection · Pharmacology

    Measurements

    Imprecision
    < 20%
    GHRHs in plasma

    Source sentences

    Summary
    imprecision (<20%), and ion suppression/enhancement effects.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    The aim of the present study was to develop a method for the simultaneous detection of four different GHRHs and respective metabolites from human plasma by means of immunoaffinity purification and subsequent nano-ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-high resolution/high accuracy (tandem) mass spectrometry.

    In this study, Sermorelin was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Sermorelin.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Versions 4 to 39Current

    28 Oct 2026, 02:04 UTC

    The same notice was added 36 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC. The status did not change between them.

    Study results updated

  2. Versions 2 to 3

    9 Oct 2026, 03:13 UTC

    The same notice was added 2 times, first on 9 Oct 2026, 03:13 UTC. The status did not change between them.

    Study data updated · source update from Europe PMC

  3. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:13 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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