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Study · Randomized controlled trial · n = 18 · 2016

5 results

GLP-1 receptors exist in the parietal cortex, hypothalamus and medulla of human brains and the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide alters brain activity related to highly desirable food cues in individuals with diabetes: a crossover, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.

Farr OM, Sofopoulos M, Tsoukas MA, Dincer F, Thakkar B, Sahin-Efe A, Filippaios A, Bowers J, Srnka A, Gavrieli A, Ko BJ, Liakou C, Kanyuch N, Tseleni-Balafouta S, Mantzoros CS

Diabetologia1 Feb 2016Cited by 231 (Europe PMC)

PMID26831302 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC4826792 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1007/s00125-016-3874-y (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-26831302
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study5

5 results from studies that gave the peptide. 5 results from people.

  1. 01HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide decreased parietal cortex activation in response to highly desirable versus less desirable food images compared with placebo.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide reduced brain activity in a region responding to highly desirable food pictures compared with placebo.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseParietal cortex activation to highly desirable food images
    Study

    n = 18

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Analysis
    Primary
    Outcome group
    Appetite and food intake · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    0.6 mg for 7 days, 1.2 mg for 7 days, 1.8 mg for 3 days · 17 daysAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Effect size (parietal activation)
    0.53
    placebo
    Effect size (parietal activation)
    −0.47
    liraglutide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Liraglutide decreased activation of the parietal cortex in response to highly desirable (vs less desirable) food images (p < 0.001; effect size: placebo 0.53 ± 0.24, liraglutide -0.47 ± 0.18).
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In a randomised (assigned by the pharmacy using a randomisation enrolment table), placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial, 21 individuals with type 2 diabetes (18 included in analysis due to lack or poor quality of data) were treated with placebo and liraglutide for a total of 17 days each…
  2. 02HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, a secondary analysis showed decreased activation in the insula and putamen, areas involved in the reward system, on liraglutide.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, liraglutide lowered activity in brain reward areas in a secondary analysis.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    DecreaseInsula and putamen activation to food cues
    Study

    n = 18

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Analysis
    Secondary
    Outcome group
    Appetite and food intake · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    0.6 mg for 7 days, 1.2 mg for 7 days, 1.8 mg for 3 days · 17 daysAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In a secondary analysis, we observed decreased activation in the insula and putamen, areas involved in the reward system.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In a randomised (assigned by the pharmacy using a randomisation enrolment table), placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial, 21 individuals with type 2 diabetes (18 included in analysis due to lack or poor quality of data) were treated with placebo and liraglutide for a total of 17 days each…
  3. 03HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In adults with type 2 diabetes on liraglutide, higher hunger and appetite ratings correlated with greater brain activation in response to highly desirable food cues.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes on liraglutide, higher hunger and appetite ratings went with more brain activity to desirable food cues.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableCorrelation of hunger and appetite ratings with brain activation
    Study

    n = 18

    Outcome group
    Appetite and food intake · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    0.6 mg for 7 days, 1.2 mg for 7 days, 1.8 mg for 3 days · 17 daysAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    increased ratings of hunger and appetite correlated with increased brain activation in response to highly desirable food cues while on liraglutide
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In a randomised (assigned by the pharmacy using a randomisation enrolment table), placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial, 21 individuals with type 2 diabetes (18 included in analysis due to lack or poor quality of data) were treated with placebo and liraglutide for a total of 17 days each…
  4. 04HumanRandomized controlled trialMechanism

    In adults with type 2 diabetes on liraglutide, nausea ratings correlated with decreased brain activation in response to highly desirable food cues.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes on liraglutide, higher nausea ratings went with less brain activity to desirable food cues.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    Not applicableCorrelation of nausea ratings with brain activation
    Study

    n = 18

    Outcome group
    Appetite and food intake · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    0.6 mg for 7 days, 1.2 mg for 7 days, 1.8 mg for 3 days · 17 daysAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    ratings of nausea correlated with decreased brain activation
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In a randomised (assigned by the pharmacy using a randomisation enrolment table), placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial, 21 individuals with type 2 diabetes (18 included in analysis due to lack or poor quality of data) were treated with placebo and liraglutide for a total of 17 days each…
  5. 05HumanRandomized controlled trialSafety outcome

    In adults with type 2 diabetes, no significant adverse effects were noted with liraglutide.

    In plain wordsIn adults with type 2 diabetes, no significant side effects were noted with liraglutide.

    Peptide
    Liraglutide
    Outcome
    No significant changeAdverse effects
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo
    Outcome group
    Adverse events · Whole body
    Studied dose
    0.6 mg for 7 days, 1.2 mg for 7 days, 1.8 mg for 3 days · 17 daysAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    No significant adverse effects were noted.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In a randomised (assigned by the pharmacy using a randomisation enrolment table), placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial, 21 individuals with type 2 diabetes (18 included in analysis due to lack or poor quality of data) were treated with placebo and liraglutide for a total of 17 days each…

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Registered trials1

Trials this study reports on, or that list this study as a reference. Registry data from ClinicalTrials.gov.

1 trial · 1 completed · 1 with posted results · source ClinicalTrials.gov (opens in a new tab)

CompletedPhase 4Results postedNCT01562678

Liraglutide in Obesity and Diabetes: Identification of CNS Targets Using fMRI

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Centern = 28Mar 2012 to May 2014

Diabetes · Effects of Liraglutide Administration on Brain Activity · Weight Loss · Hunger

Trial pageClinicalTrials.govUpdated 31 May 2017

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    12 Oct 2026, 12:10 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    9 Oct 2026, 03:05 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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