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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2016

11 results

Thymosin beta4 promotes oligodendrogenesis in the demyelinating central nervous system.

Zhang J, Zhang ZG, Li Y, Lu M, Zhang Y, Elias SB, Chopp M

Neurobiology of disease12 Jan 2016Cited by 20 (Europe PMC)

PMID26805386 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/j.nbd.2016.01.010 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-26805386
Publisher pagePubMedAsk about this study
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study11

10 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Tβ4 treatment significantly improved neurological outcome.

    In plain wordsIn mice with an MS-like disease, Tβ4 improved neurological outcome.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedNeurological outcome in EAE mice
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis)
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 30 daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Treatment of EAE mice with Tβ4 significantly improved neurological outcome.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    EAE mice were treated daily for 30days, with Tβ4 or saline treatment initiated on the day of EAE onset; and 2) cuprizone diet model, a non-inflammatory demyelination model.
    Summary · context
    The mice were treated daily for 4weeks with Tβ4 or saline after fed a cuprizone diet for 5weeks.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Tβ4 increased the number of newly generated BrdU+/CNPase+ oligodendrocytes compared with saline.

    In plain wordsIn mice with an MS-like disease, Tβ4 increased new myelin-making cells compared with saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseNewly generated oligodendrocytes (BrdU+/CNPase+) in EAE
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis)
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 30 daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Double immunofluorescent staining showed that Tβ4 significantly increased the number of newly generated oligodendrocytes identified by BrdU(+)/CNPase(+) cells and MBP(+) mature oligodendrocytes, and reduced axonal damage in the EAE mice compared with the saline treatment.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    EAE mice were treated daily for 30days, with Tβ4 or saline treatment initiated on the day of EAE onset; and 2) cuprizone diet model, a non-inflammatory demyelination model.
    Summary · context
    The mice were treated daily for 4weeks with Tβ4 or saline after fed a cuprizone diet for 5weeks.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Tβ4 increased MBP+ mature oligodendrocytes compared with saline.

    In plain wordsIn mice with an MS-like disease, Tβ4 increased mature myelin-making cells compared with saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseMBP+ mature oligodendrocytes in EAE
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis)
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 30 daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Double immunofluorescent staining showed that Tβ4 significantly increased the number of newly generated oligodendrocytes identified by BrdU(+)/CNPase(+) cells and MBP(+) mature oligodendrocytes, and reduced axonal damage in the EAE mice compared with the saline treatment.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    EAE mice were treated daily for 30days, with Tβ4 or saline treatment initiated on the day of EAE onset; and 2) cuprizone diet model, a non-inflammatory demyelination model.
    Summary · context
    The mice were treated daily for 4weeks with Tβ4 or saline after fed a cuprizone diet for 5weeks.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, Tβ4 reduced axonal damage compared with saline.

    In plain wordsIn mice with an MS-like disease, Tβ4 reduced nerve fibre damage compared with saline.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseAxonal damage in EAE
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis)
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 30 daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Double immunofluorescent staining showed that Tβ4 significantly increased the number of newly generated oligodendrocytes identified by BrdU(+)/CNPase(+) cells and MBP(+) mature oligodendrocytes, and reduced axonal damage in the EAE mice compared with the saline treatment.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    EAE mice were treated daily for 30days, with Tβ4 or saline treatment initiated on the day of EAE onset; and 2) cuprizone diet model, a non-inflammatory demyelination model.
    Summary · context
    The mice were treated daily for 4weeks with Tβ4 or saline after fed a cuprizone diet for 5weeks.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In Tβ4-treated EAE mice, the newly generated mature oligodendrocytes remyelinated axons.

    In plain wordsIn mice with an MS-like disease given Tβ4, the new mature cells re-coated nerve fibres with myelin.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableRemyelination of axons by new mature oligodendrocytes
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis)
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 30 daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The newly generated mature oligodendrocytes remyelinated axons, and the increased mature oligodendrocytes significantly correlated with functional improvement (r=0.73, p<0.05).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    EAE mice were treated daily for 30days, with Tβ4 or saline treatment initiated on the day of EAE onset; and 2) cuprizone diet model, a non-inflammatory demyelination model.
    Summary · context
    The mice were treated daily for 4weeks with Tβ4 or saline after fed a cuprizone diet for 5weeks.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In EAE mice, the increase in mature oligodendrocytes correlated significantly with functional improvement.

    In plain wordsIn mice with an MS-like disease, more mature myelin-making cells went with better function.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableCorrelation of mature oligodendrocytes with functional improvement
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis)
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 30 daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Measurements

    correlation r
    0.73 r
    mature oligodendrocytes vs functional improvement

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The newly generated mature oligodendrocytes remyelinated axons, and the increased mature oligodendrocytes significantly correlated with functional improvement (r=0.73, p<0.05).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    EAE mice were treated daily for 30days, with Tβ4 or saline treatment initiated on the day of EAE onset; and 2) cuprizone diet model, a non-inflammatory demyelination model.
    Summary · context
    The mice were treated daily for 4weeks with Tβ4 or saline after fed a cuprizone diet for 5weeks.
  7. 07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In EAE mice, Tβ4 treatment increased expression and activation of the EGFR pathway.

    In plain wordsIn mice with an MS-like disease, Tβ4 raised the activity of the EGFR signalling pathway.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseEGFR pathway expression and activation in EAE
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    EAE (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis)
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 30 daysAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Western blot analysis revealed that Tβ4 treatment increased expression and activation of the EGFR pathway.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    EAE mice were treated daily for 30days, with Tβ4 or saline treatment initiated on the day of EAE onset; and 2) cuprizone diet model, a non-inflammatory demyelination model.
    Summary · context
    The mice were treated daily for 4weeks with Tβ4 or saline after fed a cuprizone diet for 5weeks.
  8. 08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice fed cuprizone, Tβ4 treatment significantly increased oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation.

    In plain wordsIn mice with diet-induced myelin loss, Tβ4 increased the maturing of myelin precursor cells.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseOPC differentiation in cuprizone model
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    cuprizone diet demyelination model
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In the cuprizone demyelination model, Tβ4 treatment was confirmed that significantly increased OPC differentiation and remyelination, and increased the expression of EGFR and activated the EGFR pathway in the demyelinating corpus callosum.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    EAE mice were treated daily for 30days, with Tβ4 or saline treatment initiated on the day of EAE onset; and 2) cuprizone diet model, a non-inflammatory demyelination model.
    Summary · context
    The mice were treated daily for 4weeks with Tβ4 or saline after fed a cuprizone diet for 5weeks.
  9. 09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In mice fed cuprizone, Tβ4 treatment significantly increased remyelination.

    In plain wordsIn mice with diet-induced myelin loss, Tβ4 increased the rebuilding of myelin.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseRemyelination in cuprizone model
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    cuprizone diet demyelination model
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In the cuprizone demyelination model, Tβ4 treatment was confirmed that significantly increased OPC differentiation and remyelination, and increased the expression of EGFR and activated the EGFR pathway in the demyelinating corpus callosum.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    EAE mice were treated daily for 30days, with Tβ4 or saline treatment initiated on the day of EAE onset; and 2) cuprizone diet model, a non-inflammatory demyelination model.
    Summary · context
    The mice were treated daily for 4weeks with Tβ4 or saline after fed a cuprizone diet for 5weeks.
  10. 10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In mice fed cuprizone, Tβ4 increased EGFR expression and activated the EGFR pathway in the demyelinating corpus callosum.

    In plain wordsIn mice with diet-induced myelin loss, Tβ4 raised EGFR signalling in the affected brain area.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseEGFR expression and pathway activation in corpus callosum (cuprizone)
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    cuprizone diet demyelination model
    Comparator
    Saline
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In the cuprizone demyelination model, Tβ4 treatment was confirmed that significantly increased OPC differentiation and remyelination, and increased the expression of EGFR and activated the EGFR pathway in the demyelinating corpus callosum.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    EAE mice were treated daily for 30days, with Tβ4 or saline treatment initiated on the day of EAE onset; and 2) cuprizone diet model, a non-inflammatory demyelination model.
    Summary · context
    The mice were treated daily for 4weeks with Tβ4 or saline after fed a cuprizone diet for 5weeks.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone1

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  1. 11LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In cultured oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, blocking the EGFR pathway with AG1478 abolished the Tβ4-increased OPC differentiation.

    In plain wordsIn cultured cells, an EGFR blocker removed the Tβ4-driven rise in myelin precursor cell maturing.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseAG1478 block of Tβ4-increased OPC differentiation
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    cultured OPCs
    Outcome group
    Neuroprotection · Nervous system and cognition

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In cultured OPCs, blockage of the activation of the EGFR pathway with AG1478 abolished the Tβ4-increased OPC differentiation.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    EAE mice were treated daily for 30days, with Tβ4 or saline treatment initiated on the day of EAE onset; and 2) cuprizone diet model, a non-inflammatory demyelination model.
    Summary · context
    The mice were treated daily for 4weeks with Tβ4 or saline after fed a cuprizone diet for 5weeks.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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