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Study · Non-randomized trial · n = 10 · 2016

7 results

Exenatide acutely increases heart rate in parallel with augmented sympathetic nervous system activation in healthy overweight males.

Smits MM, Muskiet MH, Tonneijck L, Hoekstra T, Kramer MH, Diamant M, van Raalte DH

British journal of clinical pharmacology25 Jan 2016Cited by 54 (Europe PMC)

PMID26609792 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC4799913 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1111/bcp.12843 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-26609792
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study7

4 results from studies that gave the peptide. 4 results from people.

  1. 01HumanNon-randomized trialSafety outcome

    In healthy overweight males, exenatide increased heart rate by a mean maximum of 6.8 beats min(-1).

    In plain wordsIn healthy overweight men, exenatide increased heart rate compared with saline.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseHeart rate
    Study

    n = 10

    Comparator
    saline placebo
    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Mean maximum heart rate increase
    6.8 beats min(-1)
    exenatide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exenatide increased HR by a mean maximum of 6.8 (95% CI 1.7, 11.9) beats min(-1) (P < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 9.8 (95% CI 3.5, 16.1) mmHg (P < 0.01) and markers of SNS activity (P < 0.05).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Automated oscillometric blood pressure measurements and finger photoplethysmography were performed throughout intravenous administration of placebo (saline 0.9%), exenatide (targeting therapeutic concentrations) and a combination of exenatide and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-N(G) -monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA).
    Summary · context
    Ten healthy overweight males (aged 20-27 years) were examined in an open label, crossover study.
  2. 02HumanNon-randomized trialSafety outcome

    In healthy overweight males, exenatide increased systolic blood pressure by 9.8 mmHg.

    In plain wordsIn healthy overweight men, exenatide increased systolic blood pressure compared with saline.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseSystolic blood pressure
    Study

    n = 10

    Comparator
    saline placebo
    Outcome group
    Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Systolic blood pressure increase
    9.8 mmHg
    exenatide

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exenatide increased HR by a mean maximum of 6.8 (95% CI 1.7, 11.9) beats min(-1) (P < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 9.8 (95% CI 3.5, 16.1) mmHg (P < 0.01) and markers of SNS activity (P < 0.05).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Automated oscillometric blood pressure measurements and finger photoplethysmography were performed throughout intravenous administration of placebo (saline 0.9%), exenatide (targeting therapeutic concentrations) and a combination of exenatide and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-N(G) -monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA).
    Summary · context
    Ten healthy overweight males (aged 20-27 years) were examined in an open label, crossover study.
  3. 03HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism

    In healthy overweight males, exenatide increased markers of sympathetic nervous system activity.

    In plain wordsIn healthy overweight men, exenatide increased sympathetic nervous system activity markers compared with saline.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseSympathetic nervous system activity
    Study

    n = 10

    Comparator
    saline placebo
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exenatide increased HR by a mean maximum of 6.8 (95% CI 1.7, 11.9) beats min(-1) (P < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 9.8 (95% CI 3.5, 16.1) mmHg (P < 0.01) and markers of SNS activity (P < 0.05).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Automated oscillometric blood pressure measurements and finger photoplethysmography were performed throughout intravenous administration of placebo (saline 0.9%), exenatide (targeting therapeutic concentrations) and a combination of exenatide and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-N(G) -monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA).
    Summary · context
    Ten healthy overweight males (aged 20-27 years) were examined in an open label, crossover study.
  4. 04HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism

    In healthy overweight males, total peripheral resistance did not change with exenatide.

    In plain wordsIn healthy overweight men, exenatide did not change total peripheral resistance.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeTotal peripheral resistance
    Study

    n = 10

    Comparator
    saline placebo
    Outcome group
    Blood pressure · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    No changes in total peripheral resistance were observed.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Ten healthy overweight males (aged 20-27 years) were examined in an open label, crossover study.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone3

In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  1. 05HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneNon-randomized trialMechanism

    In healthy overweight males, heart rate increases persisted with exenatide plus L-NMMA.

    In plain wordsIn healthy overweight men, heart rate increases persisted during combined exenatide and L-NMMA infusion.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseHeart rate during L-NMMA infusion
    Study

    n = 10

    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Increases in HR, SBP and sympathetic activity were preserved during concomitant L-NMMA infusion.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Automated oscillometric blood pressure measurements and finger photoplethysmography were performed throughout intravenous administration of placebo (saline 0.9%), exenatide (targeting therapeutic concentrations) and a combination of exenatide and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-N(G) -monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA).
    Summary · context
    Ten healthy overweight males (aged 20-27 years) were examined in an open label, crossover study.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  2. 06HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneNon-randomized trialMechanism

    In healthy overweight males, systolic blood pressure increases persisted with exenatide plus L-NMMA.

    In plain wordsIn healthy overweight men, systolic blood pressure increases persisted during combined exenatide and L-NMMA infusion.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseSystolic blood pressure during L-NMMA infusion
    Study

    n = 10

    Outcome group
    Blood pressure · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Increases in HR, SBP and sympathetic activity were preserved during concomitant L-NMMA infusion.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Automated oscillometric blood pressure measurements and finger photoplethysmography were performed throughout intravenous administration of placebo (saline 0.9%), exenatide (targeting therapeutic concentrations) and a combination of exenatide and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-N(G) -monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA).
    Summary · context
    Ten healthy overweight males (aged 20-27 years) were examined in an open label, crossover study.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  3. 07HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneNon-randomized trialMechanism

    In healthy overweight males, sympathetic activity increases persisted with exenatide plus L-NMMA.

    In plain wordsIn healthy overweight men, sympathetic activity increases persisted during combined exenatide and L-NMMA infusion.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseSympathetic activity during L-NMMA infusion
    Study

    n = 10

    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Increases in HR, SBP and sympathetic activity were preserved during concomitant L-NMMA infusion.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Automated oscillometric blood pressure measurements and finger photoplethysmography were performed throughout intravenous administration of placebo (saline 0.9%), exenatide (targeting therapeutic concentrations) and a combination of exenatide and the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-N(G) -monomethyl arginine (L-NMMA).
    Summary · context
    Ten healthy overweight males (aged 20-27 years) were examined in an open label, crossover study.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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