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Study · Non-randomized trial · n = 27 · 2016

6 results

The Early Effects of Rapid Androgen Deprivation on Human Prostate Cancer.

Shaw GL, Whitaker H, Corcoran M, Dunning MJ, Luxton H, Kay J, Massie CE, Miller JL, Lamb AD, Ross-Adams H, Russell R, Nelson AW and 9 more

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Eldridge MD, Lynch AG, Ramos-Montoya A, Mills IG, Taylor AE, Arlt W, Shah N, Warren AY, Neal DE

European urology10 Nov 2015Cited by 59 (Europe PMC)

PMID26572708 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC4926724 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/j.eururo.2015.10.042 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-26572708
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Summary

UnlabelledThe androgen receptor (AR) is the dominant growth factor in prostate cancer (PCa). Therefore, understanding how ARs regulate the human transcriptome is of paramount importance. The early effects of castration on human PCa have not previously been studied 27 patients medically castrated with degarelix 7 d before radical prostatectomy. We used mass spectrometry, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression array (validated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) to compare resected tumour with matched, controlled, untreated PCa tissue. All patients had levels of serum androgen, with reduced levels of intraprostatic androgen at prostatectomy. We observed differential expression of known androgen-regulated genes (TMPRSS2, KLK3, CAMKK2, FKBP5). We identified 749 genes downregulated and 908 genes upregulated following castration. AR regulation of α-methylacyl-CoA racemase expression and three other genes (FAM129A, RAB27A, and KIAA0101) was confirmed. Upregulation of oestrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) expression was observed in malignant epithelia and was associated with differential expression of ESR1-regulated genes and correlated with proliferation (Ki-67 expression).Patient summaryThis first-in-man study defines the rapid gene expression changes taking place in prostate cancer (PCa) following castration. Expression levels of the genes that the androgen receptor regulates are predictive of treatment outcome. Upregulation of oestrogen receptor 1 is a mechanism by which PCa cells may survive despite castration.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study6

6 results from studies that gave the peptide. 6 results from people.

  1. 01HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism

    In prostate cancer patients given degarelix before prostatectomy, intraprostatic androgen levels were reduced at prostatectomy.

    In plain wordsIn prostate cancer patients, intraprostatic androgen levels were lower after degarelix than in matched untreated tissue.

    Peptide
    Degarelix
    Outcome
    DecreaseIntraprostatic androgen
    Study

    n = 27

    Comparator
    Matched untreated prostate cancer tissue
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cancer
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 7 dAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    All patients had levels of serum androgen, with reduced levels of intraprostatic androgen at prostatectomy.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The early effects of castration on human PCa have not previously been studied 27 patients medically castrated with degarelix 7 d before radical prostatectomy.
    Summary · context
    We used mass spectrometry, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression array (validated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) to compare resected tumour with matched, controlled, untreated PCa tissue.
  2. 02HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism

    In prostate cancer patients given degarelix, known androgen-regulated genes TMPRSS2, KLK3, CAMKK2, and FKBP5 showed differential expression.

    In plain wordsIn prostate cancer patients, androgen-regulated genes differed in expression after degarelix compared with untreated tissue.

    Peptide
    Degarelix
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedAndrogen-regulated gene expression
    Study

    n = 27

    Comparator
    Matched untreated prostate cancer tissue
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cancer
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 7 dAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    We observed differential expression of known androgen-regulated genes (TMPRSS2, KLK3, CAMKK2, FKBP5).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The early effects of castration on human PCa have not previously been studied 27 patients medically castrated with degarelix 7 d before radical prostatectomy.
    Summary · context
    We used mass spectrometry, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression array (validated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) to compare resected tumour with matched, controlled, untreated PCa tissue.
  3. 03HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism

    In prostate cancer patients, 749 genes were downregulated after medical castration with degarelix.

    In plain wordsIn prostate cancer patients, 749 genes had lower expression after degarelix compared with untreated tissue.

    Peptide
    Degarelix
    Outcome
    DecreaseDownregulated genes
    Study

    n = 27

    Comparator
    Matched untreated prostate cancer tissue
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cancer
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 7 dAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Genes downregulated after castration
    749 genes
    degarelix-treated tumour vs matched untreated tissue

    Source sentences

    Summary
    We identified 749 genes downregulated and 908 genes upregulated following castration.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The early effects of castration on human PCa have not previously been studied 27 patients medically castrated with degarelix 7 d before radical prostatectomy.
    Summary · context
    We used mass spectrometry, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression array (validated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) to compare resected tumour with matched, controlled, untreated PCa tissue.
  4. 04HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism

    In prostate cancer patients, 908 genes were upregulated after medical castration with degarelix.

    In plain wordsIn prostate cancer patients, 908 genes had higher expression after degarelix compared with untreated tissue.

    Peptide
    Degarelix
    Outcome
    IncreaseUpregulated genes
    Study

    n = 27

    Comparator
    Matched untreated prostate cancer tissue
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cancer
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 7 dAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Genes upregulated after castration
    908 genes
    degarelix-treated tumour vs matched untreated tissue

    Source sentences

    Summary
    We identified 749 genes downregulated and 908 genes upregulated following castration.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The early effects of castration on human PCa have not previously been studied 27 patients medically castrated with degarelix 7 d before radical prostatectomy.
    Summary · context
    We used mass spectrometry, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression array (validated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) to compare resected tumour with matched, controlled, untreated PCa tissue.
  5. 05HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism

    In degarelix-treated prostate cancer patients, AR regulation of α-methylacyl-CoA racemase, FAM129A, RAB27A, and KIAA0101 expression was confirmed.

    In plain wordsIn prostate cancer patients given degarelix, analysis confirmed androgen-receptor regulation of the named genes.

    Peptide
    Degarelix
    Outcome
    Not applicableAR regulation of AMACR and other genes
    Study

    n = 27

    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cancer
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 7 dAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    AR regulation of α-methylacyl-CoA racemase expression and three other genes (FAM129A, RAB27A, and KIAA0101) was confirmed.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The early effects of castration on human PCa have not previously been studied 27 patients medically castrated with degarelix 7 d before radical prostatectomy.
    Summary · context
    We used mass spectrometry, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression array (validated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) to compare resected tumour with matched, controlled, untreated PCa tissue.
  6. 06HumanNon-randomized trialMechanism

    In degarelix-treated prostate cancer patients, malignant epithelia showed ESR1 upregulation associated with ESR1-regulated gene expression and Ki-67 proliferation.

    In plain wordsIn prostate cancer patients given degarelix, ESR1 expression increased in malignant tissue and correlated with a marker of cell proliferation.

    Peptide
    Degarelix
    Outcome
    IncreaseESR1 expression
    Study

    n = 27

    Comparator
    Matched untreated prostate cancer tissue
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cancer
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 7 dAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Upregulation of oestrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) expression was observed in malignant epithelia and was associated with differential expression of ESR1-regulated genes and correlated with proliferation (Ki-67 expression).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The early effects of castration on human PCa have not previously been studied 27 patients medically castrated with degarelix 7 d before radical prostatectomy.
    Summary · context
    We used mass spectrometry, immunohistochemistry, and gene expression array (validated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) to compare resected tumour with matched, controlled, untreated PCa tissue.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    28 Oct 2026, 02:03 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    27 Oct 2026, 16:34 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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