Expression of thymosin beta-4 in human periodontal ligament cells and mouse periodontal tissue and its role in osteoblastic/cementoblastic differentiation.

Lee SI, Lee DW, Yun HM, Cha HJ, Bae CH, Cho ES, Kim EC

Differentiation; research in biological diversity1 Jul 2015Cited by 12 (Europe PMC)

PMID26361868DOI10.1016/j.diff.2015.08.003PepBankPUB-26361868

Publisher page PubMedAsk about this study

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study14

5 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

01LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
Tβ4 peptide promoted calcium nodule formation in periodontal ligament cells, cementoblasts and osteoblasts.
In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin beta‑4 peptide increased calcium nodule formation.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseCalcium nodule formation with Tβ4 peptide
Study
n: not reported in source
hPDLCs, cementoblasts, osteoblasts
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In contrast, Tβ4 activation using a Tβ4 peptide, promoted these processes by activation of Akt, p38, ERK MAPKs, and the NF-κB pathway.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The downregulation of Tβ4 expression by Tβ4 siRNA transfection inhibited osteoblastic differentiation by decreasing calcium nodule formation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mRNA expression of differentiation markers in hPDLCs, cementoblasts, and osteoblasts.
Report a problemFND-2636186807
02LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
Tβ4 peptide promoted alkaline phosphatase activity in periodontal ligament cells, cementoblasts and osteoblasts.
In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin beta‑4 peptide increased alkaline phosphatase activity.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseALP activity with Tβ4 peptide
Study
n: not reported in source
hPDLCs, cementoblasts, osteoblasts
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In contrast, Tβ4 activation using a Tβ4 peptide, promoted these processes by activation of Akt, p38, ERK MAPKs, and the NF-κB pathway.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The downregulation of Tβ4 expression by Tβ4 siRNA transfection inhibited osteoblastic differentiation by decreasing calcium nodule formation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mRNA expression of differentiation markers in hPDLCs, cementoblasts, and osteoblasts.
Report a problemFND-2636186808
03LabIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
Tβ4 peptide promoted mRNA expression of differentiation markers in periodontal ligament cells, cementoblasts and osteoblasts.
In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin beta‑4 peptide increased gene activity of bone cell maturation markers.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseDifferentiation marker mRNA with Tβ4 peptide
Study
n: not reported in source
hPDLCs, cementoblasts, osteoblasts
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In contrast, Tβ4 activation using a Tβ4 peptide, promoted these processes by activation of Akt, p38, ERK MAPKs, and the NF-κB pathway.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The downregulation of Tβ4 expression by Tβ4 siRNA transfection inhibited osteoblastic differentiation by decreasing calcium nodule formation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mRNA expression of differentiation markers in hPDLCs, cementoblasts, and osteoblasts.
Report a problemFND-2636186809
04LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
Tβ4 peptide activated Akt, p38, ERK MAPKs and the NF-κB pathway.
In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin beta‑4 peptide switched on Akt, p38, ERK and NF-κB signaling.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseAkt, p38, ERK MAPK and NF-κB pathway activation by Tβ4 peptide
Study
n: not reported in source
hPDLCs, cementoblasts, osteoblasts
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
In contrast, Tβ4 activation using a Tβ4 peptide, promoted these processes by activation of Akt, p38, ERK MAPKs, and the NF-κB pathway.
Report a problemFND-2636186810
05LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
Tβ4 peptide upregulated nuclear NFATc1 in human periodontal ligament cells.
In plain wordsIn cells, thymosin beta‑4 peptide increased nuclear NFATc1.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseNuclear NFATc1 expression
Study
humann: not reported in source
human periodontal ligament cells
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Studied dose
Dose not stated
Source sentences
Summary
The expression of nuclear NFATc1 was upregulated by Tβ4 peptide in hPDLCs.
Report a problemFND-2636186811

Natural levels measured3

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

06AnimalEndogenous levelAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In the developing periodontium, Tβ4 expression was higher in human periodontal ligament cells than in cementoblasts and osteoblasts.
In plain wordsIn mice, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 was higher in periodontal ligament cells than in cementoblasts and osteoblasts.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableTβ4 expression level in hPDLCs versus cementoblasts and osteoblasts
Study
mousen: not reported in source
developing periodontium
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
Higher Tβ4 expression was observed in hPDLCs than in cementoblasts and osteoblasts in the developing periodontium.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2636186802
07LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
Tβ4 was expressed in differentiating human periodontal ligament cells and in osteoblasts of the periodontium during development and in mature tissue.
In plain wordsIn cells and tissue, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 was present in developing and mature periodontal tissue.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableTβ4 expression in differentiating hPDLCs and osteoblasts
Study
humann: not reported in source
human periodontal ligament cells and periodontal tissue
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
Tβ4 expression was observed in differentiating hPDLCs, osteoblasts of the periodontium during development, as well as in mature tissue.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2636186801
08LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
Tβ4 mRNA and protein expression increased gradually during periodontal ligament cell differentiation.
In plain wordsIn cells, the body's own thymosin beta‑4 rose as periodontal ligament cells matured.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseTβ4 mRNA and protein expression during PDL cell differentiation
Study
humann: not reported in source
human periodontal ligament cells
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
The expression of Tβ4 mRNA and protein gradually increased during PDL cell differentiation.
This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.
Report a problemFND-2636186803

Studies that did not test the peptide alone6

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

09LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
Tβ4 siRNA knockdown decreased calcium nodule formation in periodontal ligament cells, cementoblasts and osteoblasts.
In plain wordsIn cells, switching off thymosin beta‑4 production reduced calcium nodule formation.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseCalcium nodule formation after Tβ4 knockdown
Study
n: not reported in source
hPDLCs, cementoblasts, osteoblasts
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
The downregulation of Tβ4 expression by Tβ4 siRNA transfection inhibited osteoblastic differentiation by decreasing calcium nodule formation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mRNA expression of differentiation markers in hPDLCs, cementoblasts, and osteoblasts.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2636186804
10LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
Tβ4 siRNA knockdown decreased alkaline phosphatase activity in periodontal ligament cells, cementoblasts and osteoblasts.
In plain wordsIn cells, switching off thymosin beta‑4 production lowered alkaline phosphatase activity.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseALP activity after Tβ4 knockdown
Study
n: not reported in source
hPDLCs, cementoblasts, osteoblasts
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
The downregulation of Tβ4 expression by Tβ4 siRNA transfection inhibited osteoblastic differentiation by decreasing calcium nodule formation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mRNA expression of differentiation markers in hPDLCs, cementoblasts, and osteoblasts.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2636186805
11LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
Tβ4 siRNA knockdown decreased mRNA expression of differentiation markers in periodontal ligament cells, cementoblasts and osteoblasts.
In plain wordsIn cells, switching off thymosin beta‑4 production lowered gene activity of bone cell maturation markers.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseDifferentiation marker mRNA after Tβ4 knockdown
Study
n: not reported in source
hPDLCs, cementoblasts, osteoblasts
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
The downregulation of Tβ4 expression by Tβ4 siRNA transfection inhibited osteoblastic differentiation by decreasing calcium nodule formation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mRNA expression of differentiation markers in hPDLCs, cementoblasts, and osteoblasts.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2636186806
12LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
Cyclosporin A and FK506, which inhibit the calcineurin/NFATc1 pathway, attenuated Tβ4-induced osteoblastic differentiation in human periodontal ligament cells.
In plain wordsIn cells, drugs that block the calcineurin/NFATc1 pathway weakened bone-cell maturation caused by thymosin beta‑4.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseTβ4-induced osteoblastic differentiation with calcineurin/NFATc1 inhibitors
Study
humann: not reported in source
human periodontal ligament cells
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
Inhibition of the calcineurin/NFATc1 pathway by cyclosporin A and FK506, attenuated Tβ4-induced osteoblastic differentiation and activation of Wnt-related genes, as well as nuclear β-catenin in hPDLCs.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2636186812
13LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
Cyclosporin A and FK506 attenuated Tβ4-induced activation of Wnt-related genes in human periodontal ligament cells.
In plain wordsIn cells, drugs that block the calcineurin/NFATc1 pathway weakened Wnt gene activation caused by thymosin beta‑4.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseTβ4-induced Wnt-related gene activation with calcineurin/NFATc1 inhibitors
Study
humann: not reported in source
human periodontal ligament cells
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
Inhibition of the calcineurin/NFATc1 pathway by cyclosporin A and FK506, attenuated Tβ4-induced osteoblastic differentiation and activation of Wnt-related genes, as well as nuclear β-catenin in hPDLCs.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2636186813
14LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
Cyclosporin A and FK506 attenuated Tβ4-induced nuclear β-catenin in human periodontal ligament cells.
In plain wordsIn cells, drugs that block the calcineurin/NFATc1 pathway lowered nuclear β-catenin raised by thymosin beta‑4.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseTβ4-induced nuclear β-catenin with calcineurin/NFATc1 inhibitors
Study
humann: not reported in source
human periodontal ligament cells
Outcome group
Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal
Source sentences
Summary
Inhibition of the calcineurin/NFATc1 pathway by cyclosporin A and FK506, attenuated Tβ4-induced osteoblastic differentiation and activation of Wnt-related genes, as well as nuclear β-catenin in hPDLCs.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2636186814

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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