Thymosin β4 induces proliferation, invasion, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

Hong KO, Lee JI, Hong SP, Hong SD

Amino acids15 Aug 2015Cited by 25 (Europe PMC)

PMID26276576DOI10.1007/s00726-015-2070-6PepBankPUB-26276576

Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study11

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone11

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

01LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, Tβ4 overexpression enhanced cell proliferation.
In plain wordsIn oral cancer cells, making the cells produce extra Tβ4 increased their growth.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseCell proliferation
Study
n: not reported in source
Oral squamous cell carcinoma cells SCC-15 and SCC-25 overexpressing Tβ4
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Tβ4-overexpressing OSCCs, SCC-15_Tβ4 and SCC-25_Tβ4, enhanced cell proliferation and colony formation.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thus, we investigated whether overexpression of Tβ4 could induce in vitro tumorigenesis such as cell proliferation and anchorage independency and an EMT-like phenotype in OSCCs.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2627657601
02LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, Tβ4 overexpression enhanced colony formation.
In plain wordsIn oral cancer cells, making the cells produce extra Tβ4 increased colony formation.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseColony formation
Study
n: not reported in source
Oral squamous cell carcinoma cells SCC-15 and SCC-25 overexpressing Tβ4
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Tβ4-overexpressing OSCCs, SCC-15_Tβ4 and SCC-25_Tβ4, enhanced cell proliferation and colony formation.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thus, we investigated whether overexpression of Tβ4 could induce in vitro tumorigenesis such as cell proliferation and anchorage independency and an EMT-like phenotype in OSCCs.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2627657602
03LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, Tβ4 overexpression decreased expression of the epithelial marker E-cadherin.
In plain wordsIn oral cancer cells, extra Tβ4 lowered E-cadherin, a marker of epithelial cells.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseE-cadherin expression
Study
n: not reported in source
Oral squamous cell carcinoma cells SCC-15 and SCC-25 overexpressing Tβ4
Outcome group
Cancer cell invasion and metastasis · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
In addition, we observed that Tβ4 overexpression induced an EMT-like phenotype, accompanied by a decrease in expression of the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin and an increase in expression of mesenchymal cell markers vimentin and N-cadherin.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thus, we investigated whether overexpression of Tβ4 could induce in vitro tumorigenesis such as cell proliferation and anchorage independency and an EMT-like phenotype in OSCCs.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2627657603
04LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, Tβ4 overexpression increased expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin.
In plain wordsIn oral cancer cells, extra Tβ4 raised vimentin, a marker of mesenchymal cells.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseVimentin expression
Study
n: not reported in source
Oral squamous cell carcinoma cells SCC-15 and SCC-25 overexpressing Tβ4
Outcome group
Cancer cell invasion and metastasis · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
In addition, we observed that Tβ4 overexpression induced an EMT-like phenotype, accompanied by a decrease in expression of the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin and an increase in expression of mesenchymal cell markers vimentin and N-cadherin.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thus, we investigated whether overexpression of Tβ4 could induce in vitro tumorigenesis such as cell proliferation and anchorage independency and an EMT-like phenotype in OSCCs.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2627657604
05LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, Tβ4 overexpression increased expression of the mesenchymal marker N-cadherin.
In plain wordsIn oral cancer cells, extra Tβ4 raised N-cadherin, a marker of mesenchymal cells.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseN-cadherin expression
Study
n: not reported in source
Oral squamous cell carcinoma cells SCC-15 and SCC-25 overexpressing Tβ4
Outcome group
Cancer cell invasion and metastasis · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
In addition, we observed that Tβ4 overexpression induced an EMT-like phenotype, accompanied by a decrease in expression of the epithelial cell marker E-cadherin and an increase in expression of mesenchymal cell markers vimentin and N-cadherin.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thus, we investigated whether overexpression of Tβ4 could induce in vitro tumorigenesis such as cell proliferation and anchorage independency and an EMT-like phenotype in OSCCs.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2627657605
06LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, Tβ4 overexpression significantly enhanced expression of the EMT-inducing transcription factor Twist1.
In plain wordsIn oral cancer cells, extra Tβ4 raised Twist1, a protein that drives cells toward a more invasive state.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseTwist1 expression
Study
n: not reported in source
Oral squamous cell carcinoma cells SCC-15 and SCC-25 overexpressing Tβ4
Outcome group
Cancer cell invasion and metastasis · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Also, the expression level of Twist1, an EMT-inducing transcription factor, was significantly enhanced in SCC-15_Tβ4 and SCC-25_Tβ4 cells.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thus, we investigated whether overexpression of Tβ4 could induce in vitro tumorigenesis such as cell proliferation and anchorage independency and an EMT-like phenotype in OSCCs.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2627657606
07LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, Tβ4 overexpression augmented in vitro invasion.
In plain wordsIn oral cancer cells, extra Tβ4 increased invasion in lab tests.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseIn vitro invasion
Study
n: not reported in source
Oral squamous cell carcinoma cells SCC-15 and SCC-25 overexpressing Tβ4
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Tβ4 overexpression augmented in vitro invasion and MMP-2 activity and enhanced the phosphorylation of paxillin and cortactin and expression of LIMK1.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thus, we investigated whether overexpression of Tβ4 could induce in vitro tumorigenesis such as cell proliferation and anchorage independency and an EMT-like phenotype in OSCCs.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2627657607
08LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, Tβ4 overexpression augmented MMP-2 activity.
In plain wordsIn oral cancer cells, extra Tβ4 increased the activity of MMP-2, an enzyme linked to invasion.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseMMP-2 activity
Study
n: not reported in source
Oral squamous cell carcinoma cells SCC-15 and SCC-25 overexpressing Tβ4
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Tβ4 overexpression augmented in vitro invasion and MMP-2 activity and enhanced the phosphorylation of paxillin and cortactin and expression of LIMK1.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thus, we investigated whether overexpression of Tβ4 could induce in vitro tumorigenesis such as cell proliferation and anchorage independency and an EMT-like phenotype in OSCCs.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2627657608
09LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, Tβ4 overexpression enhanced the phosphorylation of paxillin.
In plain wordsIn oral cancer cells, extra Tβ4 increased activation of paxillin, a cell motility protein.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreasePaxillin phosphorylation
Study
n: not reported in source
Oral squamous cell carcinoma cells SCC-15 and SCC-25 overexpressing Tβ4
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Tβ4 overexpression augmented in vitro invasion and MMP-2 activity and enhanced the phosphorylation of paxillin and cortactin and expression of LIMK1.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thus, we investigated whether overexpression of Tβ4 could induce in vitro tumorigenesis such as cell proliferation and anchorage independency and an EMT-like phenotype in OSCCs.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2627657609
10LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, Tβ4 overexpression enhanced the phosphorylation of cortactin.
In plain wordsIn oral cancer cells, extra Tβ4 increased activation of cortactin, a cell motility protein.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseCortactin phosphorylation
Study
n: not reported in source
Oral squamous cell carcinoma cells SCC-15 and SCC-25 overexpressing Tβ4
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Tβ4 overexpression augmented in vitro invasion and MMP-2 activity and enhanced the phosphorylation of paxillin and cortactin and expression of LIMK1.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thus, we investigated whether overexpression of Tβ4 could induce in vitro tumorigenesis such as cell proliferation and anchorage independency and an EMT-like phenotype in OSCCs.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2627657610
11LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism
In oral squamous cell carcinoma cells, Tβ4 overexpression enhanced LIMK1 expression.
In plain wordsIn oral cancer cells, extra Tβ4 raised LIMK1, a cell motility protein.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseLIMK1 expression
Study
n: not reported in source
Oral squamous cell carcinoma cells SCC-15 and SCC-25 overexpressing Tβ4
Outcome group
Tumor growth · Cancer
Source sentences
Summary
Tβ4 overexpression augmented in vitro invasion and MMP-2 activity and enhanced the phosphorylation of paxillin and cortactin and expression of LIMK1.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Thus, we investigated whether overexpression of Tβ4 could induce in vitro tumorigenesis such as cell proliferation and anchorage independency and an EMT-like phenotype in OSCCs.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2627657611

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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