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Study · Randomized controlled trial · n = 20 · 2015

4 results

Effects of N-acetylcysteine, oral glutathione (GSH) and a novel sublingual form of GSH on oxidative stress markers: A comparative crossover study.

Schmitt B, Vicenzi M, Garrel C, Denis FM

Redox biology29 Jul 2015Cited by 155 (Europe PMC)

PMID26262996 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC4536296 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/j.redox.2015.07.012 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-26262996
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Summary

Glutathione (GSH) is critical to fight against oxidative stress. Its very low bioavailability limits the interest of a supplementation. The purpose of this study was to compare the bioavailability, the effect on oxidative stress markers and the safety of a new sublingual form of GSH with two commonly used dietary supplements, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and oral GSH. The study was a three-week randomized crossover trial. 20 Volunteers with metabolic syndrome were enrolled. GSH levels and several oxidative stress markers were determined at different times during each 21-days period. Compared to oral GSH group, an increase of total and reduced GSH levels in plasma and a higher GSH/GSSG ratio (p=0.003) was observed in sublingual GSH group. After 3 weeks of administration, there was a significant increase of vitamin E level in plasma only in sublingual GSH group (0.83 µmol/g; p=0.04). Our results demonstrate the superiority of a new sublingual form of GSH over the oral GSH form and NAC in terms of GSH supplementation.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study4

4 results from studies that gave the peptide. 4 results from people.

  1. 01HumanRandomized controlled trialPharmacokinetics

    In volunteers with metabolic syndrome, sublingual GSH increased total plasma GSH versus oral GSH.

    In plain wordsIn people with metabolic syndrome, sublingual GSH increased total plasma glutathione compared with oral GSH.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    IncreaseTotal plasma GSH
    Study

    n = 20

    Comparator
    Oral GSH
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Whole body
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · sublingual · 3 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared to oral GSH group, an increase of total and reduced GSH levels in plasma and a higher GSH/GSSG ratio (p=0.003) was observed in sublingual GSH group.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The study was a three-week randomized crossover trial.
    Summary · context
    20 Volunteers with metabolic syndrome were enrolled.
  2. 02HumanRandomized controlled trialPharmacokinetics

    In volunteers with metabolic syndrome, sublingual GSH increased reduced plasma GSH versus oral GSH.

    In plain wordsIn people with metabolic syndrome, sublingual GSH increased reduced plasma glutathione compared with oral GSH.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    IncreaseReduced plasma GSH
    Study

    n = 20

    Comparator
    Oral GSH
    Outcome group
    Pharmacokinetics · Whole body
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · sublingual · 3 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared to oral GSH group, an increase of total and reduced GSH levels in plasma and a higher GSH/GSSG ratio (p=0.003) was observed in sublingual GSH group.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The study was a three-week randomized crossover trial.
    Summary · context
    20 Volunteers with metabolic syndrome were enrolled.
  3. 03HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In volunteers with metabolic syndrome, sublingual GSH increased the GSH/GSSG ratio versus oral GSH.

    In plain wordsIn people with metabolic syndrome, sublingual GSH increased the glutathione redox ratio compared with oral GSH.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    IncreaseGSH/GSSG ratio
    Study

    n = 20

    Comparator
    Oral GSH
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Whole body
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · sublingual · 3 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    P value for GSH/GSSG ratio
    0.003 p value
    Sublingual GSH versus oral GSH

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Compared to oral GSH group, an increase of total and reduced GSH levels in plasma and a higher GSH/GSSG ratio (p=0.003) was observed in sublingual GSH group.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The study was a three-week randomized crossover trial.
    Summary · context
    20 Volunteers with metabolic syndrome were enrolled.
  4. 04HumanRandomized controlled trialEfficacy outcome

    In volunteers with metabolic syndrome, plasma vitamin E increased significantly only with sublingual GSH after 3 weeks.

    In plain wordsIn people with metabolic syndrome, plasma vitamin E increased significantly only with sublingual GSH.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    IncreasePlasma vitamin E
    Study

    n = 20

    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Whole body
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · sublingual · 3 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Measurements

    Plasma vitamin E increase
    0.83 µmol/g
    sublingual GSH group after 3 weeks
    P value for plasma vitamin E increase
    0.04 p value
    Sublingual GSH group, after 3 weeks

    Source sentences

    Summary
    After 3 weeks of administration, there was a significant increase of vitamin E level in plasma only in sublingual GSH group (0.83 µmol/g; p=0.04).
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    The study was a three-week randomized crossover trial.
    Summary · context
    20 Volunteers with metabolic syndrome were enrolled.

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Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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