C-terminal variable AGES domain of Thymosin β4: the molecule's primary contribution in support of post-ischemic cardiac function and repair.

Hinkel R, Ball HL, DiMaio JM, Shrivastava S, Thatcher JE, Singh AN, Sun X, Faskerti G, Olson EN, Kupatt C, Bock-Marquette I

Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology5 Aug 2015Cited by 20 (Europe PMC)

PMID26255251DOI10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.07.004PepBankPUB-26255251

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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study9

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone9

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

01AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In adult mammals with cardiac ischemia, the Tβ4 C-terminal tetrapeptide AGES improved heart function.
In plain wordsIn mice and pigs, a four-amino-acid end piece of thymosin beta‑4 improved heart function after reduced blood flow to the heart.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseAdult heart function after ischemia
Study
mouse, pign: not reported in source
Outcome group
Heart function · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
We revealed TB4 specific C-terminal tetrapeptide, AGES, increases embryonic cardiac cell migration and myocyte beating in culture, and improves adult mammalian heart function following ischemia.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We synthesized 17 domain combinations of full-length TB4 and analyzed their impact on embryonic cardiac cells in vitro, and after cardiac infarction in vivo.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2625525103
02AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism
In mice and pigs, systemic AGES injection enhanced early myocyte survival by activating Akt-mediated signaling.
In plain wordsIn mice and pigs, an injected end piece of thymosin beta‑4 helped heart muscle cells survive early on, through Akt signaling.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseEarly myocyte survival via Akt signaling
Study
mouse, pign: not reported in source
Outcome group
Cell viability and death · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
Investigating the molecular background and mechanism we discovered systemic injection of AGES enhances early myocyte survival by activating Akt-mediated signaling mechanisms, increases coronary vessel growth and inhibits inflammation in mice and pigs.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We synthesized 17 domain combinations of full-length TB4 and analyzed their impact on embryonic cardiac cells in vitro, and after cardiac infarction in vivo.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2625525104
03AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice and pigs, systemic AGES injection increased coronary vessel growth.
In plain wordsIn mice and pigs, an injected end piece of thymosin beta‑4 increased the growth of heart blood vessels.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseCoronary vessel growth
Study
mouse, pign: not reported in source
Outcome group
Angiogenesis · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
Investigating the molecular background and mechanism we discovered systemic injection of AGES enhances early myocyte survival by activating Akt-mediated signaling mechanisms, increases coronary vessel growth and inhibits inflammation in mice and pigs.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We synthesized 17 domain combinations of full-length TB4 and analyzed their impact on embryonic cardiac cells in vitro, and after cardiac infarction in vivo.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2625525105
04AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome
In mice and pigs, systemic AGES injection inhibited inflammation.
In plain wordsIn mice and pigs, an injected end piece of thymosin beta‑4 reduced inflammation.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
DecreaseInflammation
Study
mouse, pign: not reported in source
Outcome group
Inflammation markers · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
Investigating the molecular background and mechanism we discovered systemic injection of AGES enhances early myocyte survival by activating Akt-mediated signaling mechanisms, increases coronary vessel growth and inhibits inflammation in mice and pigs.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We synthesized 17 domain combinations of full-length TB4 and analyzed their impact on embryonic cardiac cells in vitro, and after cardiac infarction in vivo.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2625525106
05AnimalNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneAnimal study (in vivo)Pharmacokinetics
Cardiomyocytes took up AGES efficiently in vivo.
In plain wordsIn animals, heart muscle cells took up an end piece of thymosin beta‑4 efficiently.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableCardiomyocyte uptake of AGES in vivo
Study
mouse, pign: not reported in source
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Biodistribution analyses revealed cardiomyocytes uptake AGES efficiently in vitro and in vivo projecting a potential independent clinical utilization for the tetrapeptide.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We synthesized 17 domain combinations of full-length TB4 and analyzed their impact on embryonic cardiac cells in vitro, and after cardiac infarction in vivo.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2625525108
06LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In cultured embryonic cardiac cells, the Tβ4 C-terminal tetrapeptide AGES increased cell migration.
In plain wordsIn cells, a four-amino-acid end piece of thymosin beta‑4 increased the movement of heart cells.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseEmbryonic cardiac cell migration
Study
n: not reported in source
embryonic cardiac cells in culture
Outcome group
Heart repair and regeneration · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
We revealed TB4 specific C-terminal tetrapeptide, AGES, increases embryonic cardiac cell migration and myocyte beating in culture, and improves adult mammalian heart function following ischemia.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We synthesized 17 domain combinations of full-length TB4 and analyzed their impact on embryonic cardiac cells in vitro, and after cardiac infarction in vivo.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2625525101
07LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Efficacy outcome
In cultured embryonic cardiac cells, the Tβ4 C-terminal tetrapeptide AGES increased myocyte beating.
In plain wordsIn cells, a four-amino-acid end piece of thymosin beta‑4 increased heart cell beating.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
IncreaseEmbryonic cardiac myocyte beating
Study
n: not reported in source
embryonic cardiac cells in culture
Outcome group
Heart repair and regeneration · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
We revealed TB4 specific C-terminal tetrapeptide, AGES, increases embryonic cardiac cell migration and myocyte beating in culture, and improves adult mammalian heart function following ischemia.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We synthesized 17 domain combinations of full-length TB4 and analyzed their impact on embryonic cardiac cells in vitro, and after cardiac infarction in vivo.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2625525102
08LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Pharmacokinetics
Cardiomyocytes took up AGES efficiently in vitro.
In plain wordsIn cells, heart muscle cells took up an end piece of thymosin beta‑4 efficiently.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
Not applicableCardiomyocyte uptake of AGES in vitro
Study
n: not reported in source
cardiomyocytes in culture
Outcome group
Pharmacokinetics · Pharmacology
Source sentences
Summary
Biodistribution analyses revealed cardiomyocytes uptake AGES efficiently in vitro and in vivo projecting a potential independent clinical utilization for the tetrapeptide.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We synthesized 17 domain combinations of full-length TB4 and analyzed their impact on embryonic cardiac cells in vitro, and after cardiac infarction in vivo.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2625525107
09LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Activity measurement
Different domains of Tβ4 affected embryonic cardiac cell behavior distinctly.
In plain wordsIn cells, different parts of thymosin beta‑4 changed heart cell behavior in different ways.
Peptide
Thymosin beta-4 (human)
Outcome
MixedEffect of Tβ4 domains on cardiac cell behavior
Study
n: not reported in source
embryonic cardiac cells in culture
Outcome group
Heart repair and regeneration · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
We discovered the domains of TB4 affect cardiac cell behavior distinctly.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
We synthesized 17 domain combinations of full-length TB4 and analyzed their impact on embryonic cardiac cells in vitro, and after cardiac infarction in vivo.
In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).
Report a problemFND-2625525109

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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