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Study · Non-randomized trial · 2015

8 results

Liposomal Glutathione Supplementation Restores TH1 Cytokine Response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection in HIV-Infected Individuals.

Ly J, Lagman M, Saing T, Singh MK, Tudela EV, Morris D, Anderson J, Daliva J, Ochoa C, Patel N, Pearce D, Venketaraman V

Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research2 Jul 2015Cited by 60 (Europe PMC)

PMID26133750 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC4642835 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1089/jir.2014.0210 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-26133750
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: CC BY-NC. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study8

7 results from studies that gave the peptide. 7 results from people.

  1. 01HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In HIV-positive individuals, liposomal GSH increased IL-1β levels significantly.

    In plain wordsIn HIV-positive people, liposomal GSH increased IL-1β levels.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    IncreaseIL-1β
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 13 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, we demonstrate that supplementing individuals with HIV infection for 13 weeks with liposomal GSH (lGSH) resulted in a significant increase in the levels of TH1 cytokines, IL-1β, IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α.
  2. 02HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In HIV-positive individuals, liposomal GSH increased IL-12 levels significantly.

    In plain wordsIn HIV-positive people, liposomal GSH increased IL-12 levels.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    IncreaseIL-12
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 13 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, we demonstrate that supplementing individuals with HIV infection for 13 weeks with liposomal GSH (lGSH) resulted in a significant increase in the levels of TH1 cytokines, IL-1β, IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α.
  3. 03HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In HIV-positive individuals, liposomal GSH increased IFN-γ levels significantly.

    In plain wordsIn HIV-positive people, liposomal GSH increased IFN-γ levels.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    IncreaseIFN-γ
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 13 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, we demonstrate that supplementing individuals with HIV infection for 13 weeks with liposomal GSH (lGSH) resulted in a significant increase in the levels of TH1 cytokines, IL-1β, IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α.
  4. 04HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In HIV-positive individuals, liposomal GSH increased TNF-α levels significantly.

    In plain wordsIn HIV-positive people, liposomal GSH increased TNF-α levels.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    IncreaseTNF-α
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 13 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, we demonstrate that supplementing individuals with HIV infection for 13 weeks with liposomal GSH (lGSH) resulted in a significant increase in the levels of TH1 cytokines, IL-1β, IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α.
  5. 05HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In HIV-positive individuals, liposomal GSH decreased free radical levels versus the placebo-controlled cohort.

    In plain wordsIn HIV-positive people, liposomal GSH reduced free radicals compared with the placebo-controlled cohort.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    DecreaseFree radicals
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo-controlled cohort
    Outcome group
    Oxidative stress · Whole body
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 13 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    lGSH supplementation in individuals with HIV infection also resulted in a substantial decrease in the levels of free radicals and immunosuppressive cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β, relative to those in a placebo-controlled cohort.
  6. 06HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In HIV-positive individuals, liposomal GSH decreased IL-10 levels versus the placebo-controlled cohort.

    In plain wordsIn HIV-positive people, liposomal GSH reduced IL-10 compared with the placebo-controlled cohort.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    DecreaseIL-10
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo-controlled cohort
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 13 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    lGSH supplementation in individuals with HIV infection also resulted in a substantial decrease in the levels of free radicals and immunosuppressive cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β, relative to those in a placebo-controlled cohort.
  7. 07HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In HIV-positive individuals, liposomal GSH decreased TGF-β levels versus the placebo-controlled cohort.

    In plain wordsIn HIV-positive people, liposomal GSH reduced TGF-β compared with the placebo-controlled cohort.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    DecreaseTGF-β
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    Placebo-controlled cohort
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · 13 weeksAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    lGSH supplementation in individuals with HIV infection also resulted in a substantial decrease in the levels of free radicals and immunosuppressive cytokines, IL-10 and TGF-β, relative to those in a placebo-controlled cohort.

Natural levels measured1

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 08HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In HIV-positive subjects, lower natural GSH levels were linked to dysregulation of TH1- and TH2-associated plasma cytokines.

    In plain wordsIn HIV-positive people, lower natural GSH levels were linked to abnormal immune cytokine patterns.

    Peptide
    Glutathione
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedTH1 and TH2 cytokine dysregulation
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In this study, we report a link between lower levels of GSH and dysregulation of TH1- and TH2-associated cytokines in the plasma samples of HIV-positive subjects.

    This result measures the body's own Glutathione. Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    14 Oct 2026, 05:02 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    14 Oct 2026, 01:46 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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