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Study · Measured the body's own peptide · 2015

4 results

Thymosin-β4 is a determinant of drug sensitivity for Fenretinide and Vorinostat combination therapy in neuroblastoma.

Cheung BB, Tan O, Koach J, Liu B, Shum MS, Carter DR, Sutton S, Po'uha ST, Chesler L, Haber M, Norris MD, Kavallaris M, Liu T, O'Neill GM, Marshall GM

Molecular oncology29 Apr 2015Cited by 14 (Europe PMC)

PMID25963741 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC5528804 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1016/j.molonc.2015.04.005 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-25963741
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study4

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Natural levels measured2

These results measure the body's own peptide. Nobody was given the peptide. They are not evidence about taking it. They are left out of key results, evidence counts and charts.

  1. 01HumanEndogenous levelObservational studyOther

    In primary human neuroblastoma tumor tissues, low Tβ4 expression was associated with metastatic disease and predicted poor patient prognosis.

    In plain wordsIn people with neuroblastoma, low levels of the tumor's own Tβ4 were linked to spread of disease and worse outlook.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    DecreaseTβ4 expression and metastatic disease and prognosis
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Outcome group
    Tumor growth · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    In primary human neuroblastoma tumor tissues, low expression of Tβ4 was associated with metastatic disease and predicted poor patient prognosis.

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

  2. 02LabEndogenous levelIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In neuroblastoma cells, the combination of 4-HPR and SAHA increased mRNA expression of the cells' own thymosin beta‑4.

    In plain wordsIn cells, the drug combination 4-HPR plus SAHA raised the cells' own Tβ4 mRNA.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseTβ4 mRNA expression after 4-HPR + SAHA
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    neuroblastoma cells
    Outcome group
    Tumor growth · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The 4-HPR and SAHA combination significantly increased mRNA expression of thymosin-beta-4 (Tβ4)

    This result measures the body's own Thymosin beta-4 (human). Nobody was given the peptide. It is not evidence about taking it.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone2

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  1. 03LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In neuroblastoma cells, up-regulation of Tβ4 and down-regulation of RARα were both necessary for the cytotoxic effect of 4-HPR + SAHA.

    In plain wordsIn cells, the cytotoxic effect of 4-HPR plus SAHA needed the cells' own Tβ4 to rise.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Not applicableTβ4 up-regulation needed for 4-HPR + SAHA cytotoxicity
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    neuroblastoma cells
    Outcome group
    Tumor growth · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Importantly, the up-regulation of Tβ4 and down-regulation of RARα were both necessary for the 4-HPR + SAHA cytotoxic effect on neuroblastoma cells.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  2. 04LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In neuroblastoma cells, Tβ4 knockdown increased cell migration and blocked the effect of 4-HPR + SAHA on cell migration and focal adhesion formation.

    In plain wordsIn cells, removing Tβ4 increased cell movement and blocked the effect of the 4-HPR plus SAHA drugs.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    IncreaseCell migration after Tβ4 knockdown
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    neuroblastoma cells
    Outcome group
    Tumor growth · Cancer

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Moreover, Tβ4 knockdown in neuroblastoma cells increased cell migration and blocked the effect of 4-HPR + SAHA on cell migration and focal adhesion formation.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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