Effects of exenatide on postprandial vascular endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Torimoto K, Okada Y, Mori H, Otsuka T, Kawaguchi M, Matsuda M, Kuno F, Sugai K, Sonoda S, Hajime M, Tanaka K, Arao T, Tanaka Y

Cardiovascular diabetology18 Feb 2015Cited by 29 (Europe PMC)

PMID25849903PMCIDPMC4339392DOI10.1186/s12933-015-0188-1PepBankPUB-25849903

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Summary

BackgroundBasic studies have shown that glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogs exert a direct protective effect on the vascular endothelium in addition to their indirect effects on postprandial glucose and lipid metabolism. GLP-1 analogs are also reported to inhibit postprandial vascular endothelial dysfunction. This study examined whether the GLP-1 analog exenatide inhibits postprandial vascular endothelial dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsSeventeen patients with T2DM underwent a meal tolerance test to examine changes in postprandial vascular endothelial function and in glucose and lipid metabolism, both without exenatide (baseline) and after a single subcutaneous injection of 10 μg exenatide. Vascular endothelial function was determined using reactive hyperemia index (RHI) measured by peripheral arterial tonometry before and 120 min after the meal loading test. The primary endpoint was the difference in changes in postprandial vascular endothelial function between the baseline and exenatide tests.ResultsThe natural logarithmically-scaled RHI (L_RHI) was significantly lower after the baseline meal test but not in the exenatide test. The use of exenatide resulted in a significant decrease in triglycerides (TG) area under the curve and coefficient of variation (CV). The change in L_RHI correlated with changes in CV of triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol. Multivariate analysis identified changes in triglyceride CV as the only determinant of changes in L_RHI, contributing to 41% of the observed change.ConclusionsExenatide inhibited postprandial vascular endothelial dysfunction after the meal loading test, suggesting that exenatide has a multiphasic anti-atherogenic action involving not only glucose but also lipid metabolism.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: UMIN000015699.

CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study6

3 results from studies that gave the peptide. 3 results from people.

01HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In T2DM, postprandial L_RHI declined without exenatide but did not decline significantly after exenatide.
In plain wordsIn diabetes, blood vessel function declined after a meal without exenatide but did not decline significantly with exenatide.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Direction not reportedPostprandial L_RHI
Study
n = 17
Comparator
meal test without exenatide
Analysis
Primary
Outcome group
Vascular function · Cardiovascular
Studied dose
10 μg · subcutaneous · single injectionAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The natural logarithmically-scaled RHI (L_RHI) was significantly lower after the baseline meal test but not in the exenatide test.
2 context sentences(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
The primary endpoint was the difference in changes in postprandial vascular endothelial function between the baseline and exenatide tests.
Summary · context
Seventeen patients with T2DM underwent a meal tolerance test to examine changes in postprandial vascular endothelial function and in glucose and lipid metabolism, both without exenatide (baseline) and after a single subcutaneous injection of 10 μg exenatide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2584990301
02HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In T2DM, exenatide significantly decreased postprandial triglyceride area under the curve versus the test without exenatide.
In plain wordsIn diabetes, exenatide reduced total triglyceride exposure after a meal compared with the test without exenatide.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseTriglyceride area under curve
Study
n = 17
Comparator
meal test without exenatide
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
10 μg · subcutaneous · single injectionAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The use of exenatide resulted in a significant decrease in triglycerides (TG) area under the curve and coefficient of variation (CV).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Seventeen patients with T2DM underwent a meal tolerance test to examine changes in postprandial vascular endothelial function and in glucose and lipid metabolism, both without exenatide (baseline) and after a single subcutaneous injection of 10 μg exenatide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2584990302
03HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome
In T2DM, exenatide significantly decreased triglyceride variability versus the test without exenatide.
In plain wordsIn diabetes, exenatide reduced triglyceride variability compared with the test without exenatide.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
DecreaseTriglyceride coefficient of variation
Study
n = 17
Comparator
meal test without exenatide
Outcome group
Lipids · Metabolic and weight
Studied dose
10 μg · subcutaneous · single injectionAs given in this study (human).
Source sentences
Summary
The use of exenatide resulted in a significant decrease in triglycerides (TG) area under the curve and coefficient of variation (CV).
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Seventeen patients with T2DM underwent a meal tolerance test to examine changes in postprandial vascular endothelial function and in glucose and lipid metabolism, both without exenatide (baseline) and after a single subcutaneous injection of 10 μg exenatide.
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2584990303

Studies that did not test the peptide alone3

In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

04HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneNon-randomized trialMechanism
In T2DM meal tests, L_RHI changes correlated with changes in triglyceride variability.
In plain wordsIn diabetes meal tests, changes in blood vessel function were linked to changes in triglyceride variability.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Direction not reportedL_RHI association with triglyceride variability
Study
n = 17
Outcome group
Vascular function · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
The change in L_RHI correlated with changes in CV of triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Seventeen patients with T2DM underwent a meal tolerance test to examine changes in postprandial vascular endothelial function and in glucose and lipid metabolism, both without exenatide (baseline) and after a single subcutaneous injection of 10 μg exenatide.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2584990304
05HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneNon-randomized trialMechanism
In T2DM meal tests, L_RHI changes correlated with changes in HDL-cholesterol variability.
In plain wordsIn diabetes meal tests, changes in blood vessel function were linked to changes in HDL-cholesterol variability.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Direction not reportedL_RHI association with HDL-cholesterol
Study
n = 17
Outcome group
Vascular function · Cardiovascular
Source sentences
Summary
The change in L_RHI correlated with changes in CV of triglycerides and HDL-cholesterol.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Seventeen patients with T2DM underwent a meal tolerance test to examine changes in postprandial vascular endothelial function and in glucose and lipid metabolism, both without exenatide (baseline) and after a single subcutaneous injection of 10 μg exenatide.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2584990305
06HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneNon-randomized trialMechanism
In T2DM meal tests, triglyceride variability changes were the only determinant of L_RHI changes.
In plain wordsIn diabetes meal tests, triglyceride variability changes were independently linked to blood vessel function changes.
Peptide
Exenatide (exendin-4)
Outcome
Direction not reportedTriglyceride variability determinant of L_RHI change
Study
n = 17
Outcome group
Vascular function · Cardiovascular
Measurements
contribution to L_RHI change
41%
triglyceride CV changes
Source sentences
Summary
Multivariate analysis identified changes in triglyceride CV as the only determinant of changes in L_RHI, contributing to 41% of the observed change.
1 context sentence(design, population, supporting numbers)
Summary · context
Seventeen patients with T2DM underwent a meal tolerance test to examine changes in postprandial vascular endothelial function and in glucose and lipid metabolism, both without exenatide (baseline) and after a single subcutaneous injection of 10 μg exenatide.
In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).
Show in the study text Report a problemFND-2584990306

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

Version 2Current
22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC
Study results updated
Version 1
21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC
First added · source update from Europe PMC

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