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Study · Not a test of the peptide alone · 2015

2 results

Thymosin beta 4 is associated with RUNX2 expression through the Smad and Akt signaling pathways in mouse dental epithelial cells.

Someya H, Fujiwara H, Nagata K, Wada H, Hasegawa K, Mikami Y, Jinno A, Sakai H, Koyano K, Kiyoshima T

International journal of molecular medicine2 Mar 2015Cited by 16 (Europe PMC)

PMID25739055 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC4380193 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.3892/ijmm.2015.2118 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-25739055
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Summary

In previous studies by our group, we reported that thymosin beta 4 (Tb4) is closely associated with the initiation and development of the tooth germ, and can induce the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) during the development of the tooth germ. RUNX2 regulates the expression of odontogenesis-related genes, such as amelogenin, X-linked (Amelx), ameloblastin (Ambn) and enamelin (Enam), as well as the differentiation of osteoblasts during bone formation. However, the mechanisms through which Tb4 induces the expression of RUNX2 remain unknown. In the present study, we employed a mouse dental epithelial cell line, mDE6, with the aim to elucidate these mechanisms. The mDE6 cells expressed odontogenesis-related genes, such as Runx2, Amelx, Ambn and Enam, and formed calcified matrices upon the induction of calcification, thus showing characteristics of odontogenic epithelial cells. The expression of odontogenesis-related genes, and the calcification of the mDE6 cells were reduced by the inhibition of phosphorylated Smad1/5 (p-Smad1/5) and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) proteins. Furthermore, we used siRNA against Tb4 to determine whether RUNX2 expression and calcification are associated with Tb4 expression in the mDE6 cells. The protein expression of p-Smad1/5 and p-Akt in the mDE6 cells was reduced by treatment with Tb4-siRNA. These results suggest that Tb4 is associated with RUNX2 expression through the Smad and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, and with calcification through RUNX2 expression in the mDE6 cells. This study provides putative information concerning the signaling pathway through which Tb4 induces RUNX2 expression, which may help to understand the regulation of tooth development and tooth regeneration.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study2

No result from this study comes from a test of the peptide.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone2

In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  1. 01LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In mouse dental epithelial mDE6 cells, Tb4 siRNA reduced protein expression of p-Smad1/5.

    In plain wordsIn mouse cells, lowering the cells' own Tb4 reduced p-Smad1/5 protein.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Decreasep-Smad1/5 protein expression after Tb4 knockdown
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    mDE6 dental epithelial cells
    Outcome group
    Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The protein expression of p-Smad1/5 and p-Akt in the mDE6 cells was reduced by treatment with Tb4-siRNA.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the present study, we employed a mouse dental epithelial cell line, mDE6, with the aim to elucidate these mechanisms.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

  2. 02LabNot a test of Thymosin beta-4 (human) aloneIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In mouse dental epithelial mDE6 cells, Tb4 siRNA reduced protein expression of p-Akt.

    In plain wordsIn mouse cells, lowering the cells' own Tb4 reduced p-Akt protein.

    Peptide
    Thymosin beta-4 (human)
    Outcome
    Decreasep-Akt protein expression after Tb4 knockdown
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    mDE6 dental epithelial cells
    Outcome group
    Bone and joint · Musculoskeletal

    Source sentences

    Summary
    The protein expression of p-Smad1/5 and p-Akt in the mDE6 cells was reduced by treatment with Tb4-siRNA.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    In the present study, we employed a mouse dental epithelial cell line, mDE6, with the aim to elucidate these mechanisms.

    In this study, Thymosin beta-4 (human) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Thymosin beta-4 (human).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    13 Oct 2026, 01:52 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    12 Oct 2026, 18:17 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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