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Study · Animal study (in vivo) · mouse · 2015

14 results

Exendin-4 protects against post-myocardial infarction remodelling via specific actions on inflammation and the extracellular matrix.

Robinson E, Cassidy RS, Tate M, Zhao Y, Lockhart S, Calderwood D, Church R, McGahon MK, Brazil DP, McDermott BJ, Green BD, Grieve DJ

Basic research in cardiology1 Mar 2015Cited by 66 (Europe PMC)

PMID25725809 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC4344953 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.1007/s00395-015-0476-7 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-25725809
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Summary

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an insulin-releasing hormone clinically exploited for glycaemic control in diabetes, which also confers acute cardioprotection and benefits in experimental/clinical heart failure. We specifically investigated the role of the GLP-1 mimetic, exendin-4, in post-myocardial infarction (MI) remodelling, which is a key contributor to heart failure. Adult female normoglycaemic mice underwent coronary artery ligation/sham surgery prior to infusion with exendin-4/vehicle for 4 weeks. Metabolic parameters and infarct sizes were comparable between groups. Exendin-4 protected against cardiac dysfunction and chamber dilatation post-MI and improved survival. Furthermore, exendin-4 modestly decreased cardiomyocyte hypertrophy/apoptosis but markedly attenuated interstitial fibrosis and myocardial inflammation post-MI. This was associated with altered extracellular matrix (procollagen IαI/IIIαI, connective tissue growth factor, fibronectin, TGF-β3) and inflammatory (IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6) gene expression in exendin-4-treated mice, together with modulation of both Akt/GSK-3β and Smad2/3 signalling. Exendin-4 also altered macrophage response gene expression in the absence of direct actions on cardiac fibroblast differentiation, suggesting cardioprotective effects occurring secondary to modulation of inflammation. Our findings indicate that exendin-4 protects against post-MI remodelling via preferential actions on inflammation and the extracellular matrix independently of its established actions on glycaemic control, thereby suggesting that selective targeting of GLP-1 signalling may be required to realise its clear therapeutic potential for post-MI heart failure.
CC BYText from Europe PMC. Highlighted sentences are the source of results.

Results from this study14

14 results from studies that gave the peptide. No result from this study comes from people.

  1. 01AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In post-MI mice, metabolic parameters were comparable between exendin‑4 and vehicle groups.

    In plain wordsIn mice after heart attack, metabolic measures were similar with exendin‑4 and vehicle.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeMetabolic parameters
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    female normoglycaemic mice after myocardial infarction
    Comparator
    vehicle
    Outcome group
    Glycemic control · Metabolic and weight
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Metabolic parameters and infarct sizes were comparable between groups.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Adult female normoglycaemic mice underwent coronary artery ligation/sham surgery prior to infusion with exendin-4/vehicle for 4 weeks.
  2. 02AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In post-MI mice, infarct sizes were comparable between exendin‑4 and vehicle groups.

    In plain wordsIn mice after heart attack, damaged heart areas were similar with exendin‑4 and vehicle.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeInfarct size
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    female normoglycaemic mice after myocardial infarction
    Comparator
    vehicle
    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Metabolic parameters and infarct sizes were comparable between groups.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Adult female normoglycaemic mice underwent coronary artery ligation/sham surgery prior to infusion with exendin-4/vehicle for 4 weeks.
  3. 03AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In post-MI mice, exendin‑4 protected against cardiac dysfunction versus vehicle.

    In plain wordsIn mice after heart attack, exendin‑4 reduced heart dysfunction compared with vehicle.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseCardiac dysfunction
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    female normoglycaemic mice after myocardial infarction
    Comparator
    vehicle
    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exendin-4 protected against cardiac dysfunction and chamber dilatation post-MI and improved survival.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Adult female normoglycaemic mice underwent coronary artery ligation/sham surgery prior to infusion with exendin-4/vehicle for 4 weeks.
  4. 04AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In post-MI mice, exendin‑4 protected against chamber dilatation versus vehicle.

    In plain wordsIn mice after heart attack, exendin‑4 reduced heart chamber enlargement compared with vehicle.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseChamber dilatation
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    female normoglycaemic mice after myocardial infarction
    Comparator
    vehicle
    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exendin-4 protected against cardiac dysfunction and chamber dilatation post-MI and improved survival.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Adult female normoglycaemic mice underwent coronary artery ligation/sham surgery prior to infusion with exendin-4/vehicle for 4 weeks.
  5. 05AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Safety outcome

    In post-MI mice, exendin‑4 improved survival versus vehicle.

    In plain wordsIn mice after heart attack, exendin‑4 improved survival compared with vehicle.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseSurvival
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    female normoglycaemic mice after myocardial infarction
    Comparator
    vehicle
    Outcome group
    Mortality · Whole body
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exendin-4 protected against cardiac dysfunction and chamber dilatation post-MI and improved survival.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Adult female normoglycaemic mice underwent coronary artery ligation/sham surgery prior to infusion with exendin-4/vehicle for 4 weeks.
  6. 06AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In post-MI mice, exendin‑4 modestly decreased cardiomyocyte hypertrophy versus vehicle.

    In plain wordsIn mice after heart attack, exendin‑4 modestly reduced heart cell enlargement compared with vehicle.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseCardiomyocyte hypertrophy
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    female normoglycaemic mice after myocardial infarction
    Comparator
    vehicle
    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, exendin-4 modestly decreased cardiomyocyte hypertrophy/apoptosis but markedly attenuated interstitial fibrosis and myocardial inflammation post-MI.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Adult female normoglycaemic mice underwent coronary artery ligation/sham surgery prior to infusion with exendin-4/vehicle for 4 weeks.
  7. 07AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In post-MI mice, exendin‑4 modestly decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis versus vehicle.

    In plain wordsIn mice after heart attack, exendin‑4 modestly reduced heart cell death compared with vehicle.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseCardiomyocyte apoptosis
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    female normoglycaemic mice after myocardial infarction
    Comparator
    vehicle
    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, exendin-4 modestly decreased cardiomyocyte hypertrophy/apoptosis but markedly attenuated interstitial fibrosis and myocardial inflammation post-MI.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Adult female normoglycaemic mice underwent coronary artery ligation/sham surgery prior to infusion with exendin-4/vehicle for 4 weeks.
  8. 08AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In post-MI mice, exendin‑4 markedly attenuated interstitial fibrosis versus vehicle.

    In plain wordsIn mice after heart attack, exendin‑4 reduced heart scarring compared with vehicle.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseInterstitial fibrosis
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    female normoglycaemic mice after myocardial infarction
    Comparator
    vehicle
    Outcome group
    Heart function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, exendin-4 modestly decreased cardiomyocyte hypertrophy/apoptosis but markedly attenuated interstitial fibrosis and myocardial inflammation post-MI.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Adult female normoglycaemic mice underwent coronary artery ligation/sham surgery prior to infusion with exendin-4/vehicle for 4 weeks.
  9. 09AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Efficacy outcome

    In post-MI mice, exendin‑4 markedly attenuated myocardial inflammation versus vehicle.

    In plain wordsIn mice after heart attack, exendin‑4 reduced heart inflammation compared with vehicle.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseMyocardial inflammation
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    female normoglycaemic mice after myocardial infarction
    Comparator
    vehicle
    Outcome group
    Inflammation markers · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Furthermore, exendin-4 modestly decreased cardiomyocyte hypertrophy/apoptosis but markedly attenuated interstitial fibrosis and myocardial inflammation post-MI.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Adult female normoglycaemic mice underwent coronary artery ligation/sham surgery prior to infusion with exendin-4/vehicle for 4 weeks.
  10. 10AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In post-MI mice, exendin‑4 altered extracellular matrix and inflammatory gene expression without reported individual directions.

    In plain wordsIn mice after heart attack, exendin‑4 changed matrix and inflammation gene expression compared with vehicle.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedExtracellular matrix and inflammatory gene expression
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    female normoglycaemic mice after myocardial infarction
    Comparator
    vehicle
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    This was associated with altered extracellular matrix (procollagen IαI/IIIαI, connective tissue growth factor, fibronectin, TGF-β3) and inflammatory (IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6) gene expression in exendin-4-treated mice, together with modulation of both Akt/GSK-3β and Smad2/3 signalling.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Adult female normoglycaemic mice underwent coronary artery ligation/sham surgery prior to infusion with exendin-4/vehicle for 4 weeks.
  11. 11AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In post-MI mice, exendin‑4 modulated Akt/GSK-3β signalling without a reported direction.

    In plain wordsIn mice after heart attack, exendin‑4 changed Akt/GSK-3β signalling compared with vehicle.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedAkt/GSK-3β signalling
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    female normoglycaemic mice after myocardial infarction
    Comparator
    vehicle
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    This was associated with altered extracellular matrix (procollagen IαI/IIIαI, connective tissue growth factor, fibronectin, TGF-β3) and inflammatory (IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6) gene expression in exendin-4-treated mice, together with modulation of both Akt/GSK-3β and Smad2/3 signalling.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Adult female normoglycaemic mice underwent coronary artery ligation/sham surgery prior to infusion with exendin-4/vehicle for 4 weeks.
  12. 12AnimalAnimal study (in vivo)Mechanism

    In post-MI mice, exendin‑4 modulated Smad2/3 signalling without a reported direction.

    In plain wordsIn mice after heart attack, exendin‑4 changed Smad2/3 signalling compared with vehicle.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedSmad2/3 signalling
    Study

    mousen: not reported in source

    female normoglycaemic mice after myocardial infarction
    Comparator
    vehicle
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · infusion · 4 weeksAs given in this study (mouse).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    This was associated with altered extracellular matrix (procollagen IαI/IIIαI, connective tissue growth factor, fibronectin, TGF-β3) and inflammatory (IL-10, IL-1β, IL-6) gene expression in exendin-4-treated mice, together with modulation of both Akt/GSK-3β and Smad2/3 signalling.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Adult female normoglycaemic mice underwent coronary artery ligation/sham surgery prior to infusion with exendin-4/vehicle for 4 weeks.
  13. 13LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In macrophages, exendin‑4 altered response gene expression without a reported direction.

    In plain wordsIn cells, exendin‑4 changed macrophage response gene expression.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    Direction not reportedMacrophage response gene expression
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    macrophages
    Outcome group
    Immune response · Immune and inflammation
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exendin-4 also altered macrophage response gene expression in the absence of direct actions on cardiac fibroblast differentiation, suggesting cardioprotective effects occurring secondary to modulation of inflammation.
  14. 14LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In cardiac fibroblasts, exendin‑4 had no direct effect on differentiation.

    In plain wordsIn cells, exendin‑4 had no direct effect on cardiac fibroblast differentiation.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    No significant changeCardiac fibroblast differentiation
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    cardiac fibroblasts
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exendin-4 also altered macrophage response gene expression in the absence of direct actions on cardiac fibroblast differentiation, suggesting cardioprotective effects occurring secondary to modulation of inflammation.

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

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