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Study · Non-randomized trial · n = 36 · 2015

9 results

Exenatide Protects Against Glucose- and Lipid-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction: Evidence for Direct Vasodilation Effect of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Humans.

Koska J, Sands M, Burciu C, D'Souza KM, Raravikar K, Liu J, Truran S, Franco DA, Schwartz EA, Schwenke DC, D'Alessio D, Migrino RQ, Reaven PD

Diabetes26 Feb 2015Cited by 148 (Europe PMC)

PMID25720388 (opens in a new tab)PMCIDPMC4477348 (opens in a new tab)DOI10.2337/db14-0976 (opens in a new tab)PepBankPUB-25720388
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Summary

The text of this summary is not shown here, because the article license does not allow reuse. Read it at the source (opens in a new tab)

Text rights: Publisher copyright. Results still quote short attributed sentences.

Results from this study9

7 results from studies that gave the peptide. 2 results from people.

  1. 01HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In T2DM, subcutaneous exenatide increased postprandial endothelial function independently of glucose and triglyceride reductions.

    In plain wordsIn diabetes, injected exenatide improved blood vessel function after meals compared with placebo.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreasePostprandial endothelial function
    Study

    n = 36

    Comparator
    placebo
    Outcome group
    Vascular function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · subcutaneous · 11 daysAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Subcutaneous exenatide increased postprandial EF independent of reductions in plasma glucose and triglycerides.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Two crossover studies were conducted: 36 participants with type 2 diabetes received subcutaneous exenatide or placebo for 11 days and EF, and glucose and lipid responses to breakfast and lunch were determined;
  2. 02HumanNon-randomized trialEfficacy outcome

    In IGT or diet-controlled T2DM, intravenous exenatide increased fasting endothelial function.

    In plain wordsIn impaired glucose tolerance or diet-controlled diabetes, exenatide improved fasting blood vessel function compared with before infusion.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseFasting endothelial function
    Study

    n = 32

    Comparator
    before infusion
    Outcome group
    Vascular function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated · intravenousAs given in this study (human).

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Intravenous exenatide increased fasting EF, and exendin-9 abolished this effect.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    and 32 participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or diet-controlled type 2 diabetes had EF measured before and after intravenous exenatide, with or without the GLP-1R antagonist exendin-9.
  3. 03LabEx vivo tissueEfficacy outcome

    In human arterioles ex vivo, exenatide induced dose-dependent vasorelaxation.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, exenatide relaxed human small arteries in a dose-dependent manner.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseVasorelaxation
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    subcutaneous adipose tissue arterioles
    Outcome group
    Vascular function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    and induced dose-dependent vasorelaxation and reduced high-glucose or lipid-induced endothelial dysfunction in arterioles ex vivo.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Mechanisms of GLP-1R agonist action were studied ex vivo on human subcutaneous adipose tissue arterioles and endothelial cells.
  4. 04LabEx vivo tissueEfficacy outcome

    In human arterioles ex vivo, exenatide reduced high-glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, exenatide reduced blood vessel dysfunction caused by high glucose in human small arteries.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseHigh-glucose-induced endothelial dysfunction
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    subcutaneous adipose tissue arterioles
    Outcome group
    Vascular function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    and induced dose-dependent vasorelaxation and reduced high-glucose or lipid-induced endothelial dysfunction in arterioles ex vivo.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Mechanisms of GLP-1R agonist action were studied ex vivo on human subcutaneous adipose tissue arterioles and endothelial cells.
  5. 05LabEx vivo tissueEfficacy outcome

    In human arterioles ex vivo, exenatide reduced lipid-induced endothelial dysfunction.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, exenatide reduced blood vessel dysfunction caused by lipids in human small arteries.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseLipid-induced endothelial dysfunction
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    subcutaneous adipose tissue arterioles
    Outcome group
    Vascular function · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    and induced dose-dependent vasorelaxation and reduced high-glucose or lipid-induced endothelial dysfunction in arterioles ex vivo.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Mechanisms of GLP-1R agonist action were studied ex vivo on human subcutaneous adipose tissue arterioles and endothelial cells.
  6. 06LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In endothelial cells, exenatide activated eNOS.

    In plain wordsIn cells, exenatide activated eNOS.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseeNOS activation
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    endothelial cells
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exenatide elicited eNOS activation and NO production in endothelial cells,
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Mechanisms of GLP-1R agonist action were studied ex vivo on human subcutaneous adipose tissue arterioles and endothelial cells.
  7. 07LabIn vitro (cells)Mechanism

    In endothelial cells, exenatide increased NO production.

    In plain wordsIn cells, exenatide increased nitric oxide production.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    IncreaseNO production
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    endothelial cells
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular
    Studied dose
    Dose not stated

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Exenatide elicited eNOS activation and NO production in endothelial cells,
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    Mechanisms of GLP-1R agonist action were studied ex vivo on human subcutaneous adipose tissue arterioles and endothelial cells.

Studies that did not test the peptide alone2

In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. These results are not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  1. 08HumanNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneNon-randomized trialMechanism

    In IGT or diet-controlled T2DM, exendin-9 abolished the fasting endothelial response to intravenous exenatide.

    In plain wordsIn impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, exendin-9 blocked the blood vessel response compared with exenatide alone.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseGLP-1 receptor dependence of endothelial response
    Study

    n: not reported in source

    Comparator
    intravenous exenatide without exendin-9
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    Intravenous exenatide increased fasting EF, and exendin-9 abolished this effect.
    1 context sentence
    Summary · context
    and 32 participants with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or diet-controlled type 2 diabetes had EF measured before and after intravenous exenatide, with or without the GLP-1R antagonist exendin-9.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

  2. 09LabNot a test of Exenatide (exendin-4) aloneEx vivo tissueMechanism

    In laboratory vascular models, AMPK inhibition reduced the reported effects of exenatide.

    In plain wordsIn lab tests, AMPK inhibition reduced exenatide effects compared with exenatide without inhibition.

    Peptide
    Exenatide (exendin-4)
    Outcome
    DecreaseAMPK dependence
    Study

    humann: not reported in source

    arterioles and endothelial cells
    Comparator
    exenatide without AMPK inhibition
    Outcome group
    Receptor activity and mechanism · Cardiovascular

    Source sentences

    Summary
    These effects were reduced with AMPK inhibition.
    2 context sentences
    Summary · context
    Exenatide elicited eNOS activation and NO production in endothelial cells, and induced dose-dependent vasorelaxation and reduced high-glucose or lipid-induced endothelial dysfunction in arterioles ex vivo.
    Summary · context
    Mechanisms of GLP-1R agonist action were studied ex vivo on human subcutaneous adipose tissue arterioles and endothelial cells.

    In this study, Exenatide (exendin-4) was a lab tool or a carrier, part of a mix, or the subject of a lab method. This result is not evidence about taking Exenatide (exendin-4).

AI wrote and checked these results. AI can make mistakes, so check important results against the source.

Version history

PepBank keeps every version of the data on this study. Status changes from Retraction Watch, Europe PMC and Crossref are listed with their source.

  1. Version 2Current

    22 Oct 2026, 02:26 UTC

    Study results updated

  2. Version 1

    21 Oct 2026, 18:59 UTC

    First added · source update from Europe PMC

Subjects

Terms as the source lists them.

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